韩国互联网内容管制

韩国政府决定通过发展ICT产业作为经济复苏的重要解决方案。近年来韩国互联网用户飞速增长，韩国政府重视互联网信息传播与国家安全、文化的健康以及下一代的教育关系，对韩国互联网内容进行管制。通过介绍韩国互联网内容管制机构、管制原则，分析韩国互联网内容管制的特点和不足。     

南黄海辐射沙洲附近海域悬浮泥沙的遥感反演研究

利用2003年实测的悬浮体样品和遥感反射率数据以及美国NOAA气象卫星AVHRR数据的可见光波段,进行了南黄海辐射沙洲附近海域悬浮泥沙的遥感反演研究.结果发现:悬沙浓度和实测遥感反射率之间存在很好的线性关系(R2=0.9537, n=39),利用该关系式进行该区悬沙遥感反演取得了较好的结果.遥感反演证明,研究区悬沙浓度值由高至低从沙洲中部向沙洲周围延伸;悬沙的分布呈现出明显的季节性,秋季悬沙浓度值一般为春季的1/5;且秋季悬沙的平面扩散范围要小于春季的扩散范围.以上研究结果可为我国海岸带泥沙实时监测和悬浮泥沙遥感定量研究提供必要的基础资料.     

南水北调中线工程源头生态环境的综合治理

对南水北调水源地生态现状调查研究后认为 ,丹江口水库上游的生态质量不能满足中线工程的要求 ,为了有效地遏制生态的进一步恶化 ,水源地应当从南水北调大局出发 ,全面启动丹江口水库上游生态治理工程 ,并积极主动地调整产业结构 ,大力发展绿色农业和替代产业 ,并建议妥善解决移民问题 ,解决生态建设的后顾之忧。     

“南-南”型区域一体化的经济影响分析

区域经济一体化是当今世界的潮流,许多发展中国家建立了所谓的“南-南”型区域一体化组织来推动本国的经济增长;但对于发展中国家经济一体化对经济的影响,有学者认为不利于经济发展,也有学者认为有利于经济发展,本文分析这两种观点,并最终倾向于认为发展中国家实行区域经济一体化有利于发展中国家经济的发展。     

东非铬钒钙铝榴石（察沃石）宝石的矿物学和地球化学研究现状

东非（包括肯尼亚、坦桑尼亚和马达加斯加）铬钒钙铝榴石（察沃石）均赋存于新元古代莫桑比克变质带的钙质硅酸盐石墨片麻岩中。矿物学研究表明,东非察沃石为宝石级钒（±铬）钙铝榴石,以ω（V2O3）≈0.20%或ω（Cr2O3）≈0.30%为分界线可划分为钒钙铝榴石、铬钙铝榴石和铬钒钙铝榴石3类,其中以钒钙铝榴石为主。东非察沃石的晶体化学式为（Ca2.792～3.005Fe0～0.013 Mn0.008～0.080 Mg0.022～0.078）2.948～3.110（Al1.787～1.968Ti0.005～0.028Cr0.001～0.072Fe0～0.080V0.005～0.163）1.890～2.052[Al0～0.288Si2.712～3.017O12],可简写成Ca3（Al,Cr,Fe,V）2[SiO4]3;其端员组分为Grs87.61～96.79Gld0.16～5.66Uvr0.02～2.46Pyr0.73～2.68Sps0.28~2.75Adr0.00～2.71Alm0.00～0.43,表明它由钙铝榴石（87.61%～96.79%）、钙钒榴石（0.16%～5.66%）和钙铬榴石（0.02%～2.46%）组成。以往研究表明,东非不同国家所产的察沃石之间V/Cr质量分数比值存在明显差异,它们的化学成分是可变的,但同一矿床的V/Cr质量分数比值通常是不变的;并且它们还具有3组一致的δ＾18 O值,依次为9.5‰~11.0‰、11.6‰～14.8‰和15.5‰～21.1‰,利用O同位素与V-Cr-Mn微量元素含量相结合的方法,可鉴别其地质和地理来源。     

Relative deprivation and energy poverty: when does unequal access to electricity cause dissatisfaction?

In the least developed countries, unequal access to infrastructure is a major form of inequality. We examine the conditions under which unequal electricity access causes dissatisfaction. The question is important because grievances could prompt demands for policy change. We argue that feelings of relative deprivation both cause dissatisfaction and create hope for improvement. Empirically, we analyze household survey data from five East African countries. All else constant, households living close to a power line are less satisfied with their lighting solution but also have more hope for improvement. Because household lighting is the most important use for electricity in a poor household, this supports the relative deprivation hypothesis. Households that are reminded of their deprivation by the power line are both less satisfied and believe something can be done to solve the problem. To inform policy, we also show that the proximity of a power line decreases the household's interest in solar home systems as an alternative to grid electrification, whereas valuation for solar lanterns seems to be increasing. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Residents' attitudes to proposed wind farms in the West Coast region of South Africa: A social perspective from the South

The West Coast Region (WCR) of the Western Cape Province in South Africa is earmarked for 13 onshore wind farm projects totaling approximately 700 wind turbines. The developed world debate about the social acceptance of wind farm projects has impeded and illuminated a number of these developments. This paper is aimed at understanding people's reaction to proposed wind farm projects in the WCR – a region of a developing country – and to investigate whether the reasoning behind opposition to or acceptance of wind farm projects is similar to the discourse on the topic by scholars in the developed world. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to collect primary data by semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire survey. A spatial dimension was added through a map-based approach. Reactions by WCR residents to the wind farm projects were mainly positive, although some opposition was detected. International scholarship holds that place attachment serves as a reason for opposition to wind farm projects. Although most of the WCR residents had strong place attachments to their region, most of the respondents also supported the proposed wind farm projects.     

Technology adoption and the challenges of inclusive participation in economic activities: Evidence from small scale oil palm fruit processors in southwestern Nigeria

The lack of technology adoption has been mentioned as a source of lack of inclusive participation of low income groups in economic activities leading to income disparity in developing countries. The study utilized an input-process-output framework to develop a set of indicators to inform the development of policies and practices to ensure the participation of low income groups in economic activities. The input element consists of technology adoption influencing factors such as socio-economic characteristics and innovating units and institutions that provide support for innovation activities. The process and output elements consist of the level of technology adoption in production processes and productivity measures respectively. Focusing on small-scale oil palm fruit processors in Nigeria, the study revealed that inadequate funding of the input processes lead to inadequate technology adoption in specific unit operations of palm oil production. Utilising selected physicochemical properties of palm oil as indicators of productivity, the samples of palm oil assessed were found to be unsuitable for industrial use and may limit the processors from participating in formal sectors of palm oil production. The study recommends policy levers that will enhance input factors through adequate funding to improve the technological base of the small-scale oil palm fruit processing.     

Small-scale portable photovoltaic-battery-LED systems with submersible LED units to replace kerosene-based artisanal fishing lamps for Sub-Saharan African lakes

A technical simulation and economic model was developed for a floating photovoltaic (PV)-battery system powering a submerged light emitting diode (LED) lighting system. The system was designed to provide around the equivalent of 1000 lumens (lm) of light of the existing light fishing technology (a floating pressurised kerosene light) for artisanal light fishers to use for 8 h per night on Lake Victoria and other lakes in the region (Tanganyika, Rukwa, Mweru, Kivu, etc.). The net present cost (NPC) of a technically appropriate PV-battery-LED system was calculated as US$280 over 5 years, five-times less than the existing solar-based technology, a PV-battery-compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) system, and around ten times less than the baseline pressurised kerosene-based technology over the five years. Fishers owning the new PV-battery-LED system outright will likely recoup their initial investment within a year relative to the cost of alternatives, although the upfront capital cost of the new system was higher than the pressurised kerosene and PV-battery-CFL, and found to be practically unaffordable to the subsistence fishers without microcredit. Nonetheless, the technical simulations found that the new system was also able to provide additional lighting services during the day and evening, with little (if any) electrical impact on the system when in use for light fishing during the small hours of moonless nights. This research also demonstrates that the high cost of operating pressurised kerosene lamps precludes them for use in other applications within the community, including in homes. This research suggests that facilitated local development of appropriate new light fishing technology configurations will require training of local individuals to sensitise fishing communities to the new technology, and sustain wider adoption of the more efficient, cost-effective, and safer alternative.