英语专业学生在英美文学学习中的焦虑研究

文章针对英语专业学生在英美文学学习中的焦虑状况,在前人研究的基础上,对焦虑产生的原因以及对学习结果的影响进行了分析研究,对教师如何引导学生克服焦虑的负面影响,提高学习效率提出了建议.     

社会资本、信息渠道对牧户草场转入行为的影响——基于草场流转市场转型背景的分析

基于草场流转市场转型背景,利用内蒙古自治区和甘肃省820个牧户调查数据,实证检验了社会资本、信息渠道对牧户草场转入行为的影响及二者间的作用关系,并进一步探讨了交易费用的中介效应和代际差异的调节效应。结果表明:(1)转型市场下,社会资本仍能促进牧户草场转入,但作用方式发生变化,表现为关键网络节点和牧户主动利用社会网络能力的作用凸显,社会资本总量和被动依赖社会网络信息资源流入的作用式微。(2)网络信息渠道促进了牧户草场转入,但尚未对社会资本形成替代,社会资本与网络信息渠道并行不悖。(3)社会互动通过降低草场流转的交易费用促进了牧户草场转入,而关键网络节点、网络信息渠道不存在相应机制。(4)社会资本、网络信息渠道对牧户草场转入行为的影响存在显著的代际差异,表现为新生代牧户转入草场更加依赖网络信息渠道,中生代、老生代牧户转入草场仅依赖社会资本。据此,建议在建立和完善网络和实体草场流转交易平台等方面完善草场流转市场。     

城乡差异、就医惯性与老年人卫生服务利用

现有对城乡老年人卫生服务利用不公平的研究多忽略了长期的城乡差异所导致的隐性的农村老年人就医惯性的存在。本研究在控制了收入、医疗保障和就医可及性等因素的条件下，发现就医惯性的存在；并运用集中指数分解法发现，卫生服务的利用存在不公平，偏向于富人，而就医惯性在两种卫生服务利用中的贡献度分别为12%和5%。这种城乡固定差异造成了农村老年人在身体健康、心理健康和自我照料能力上都显著地低于城市老年人。     

Twenty-First Century Lesbian Studies,edited by Noreen Giffney and Katherine O'Donnell

Using a convenience sample of 157 undergraduates, this study explored the likeability ratings of target characters from selected film clips who were described as gay or heterosexual as they associated with a gay-described foil character (i.e., a character against which the target is compared). As predicted, male respondents who strongly endorsed anti-gay prejudice viewed gay-described targets more favorably than heterosexual-described targets when each target was paired with a gay foil. Further, this pattern of biased ratings by high-prejudice male participants against our heterosexual target differentiated these participants from both low-prejudice male and high-prejudice female respondents. In contrast, but as hypothesized, high-prejudice female respondents compared to high-prejudice males rated heterosexual-described targets more favorably than they rated gay-described targets.     

Gendered Egos: Attitude Functions and Gender as Predictors of Homonegativity

This study used a correlational design with a sample of university students to clarify the relationships between attitude functions and homonegativity with respect to gender. Classic work on attitude functions posits that attitudes serve psychological needs for the attitude holder. Herek (1986b) adapted this theory to explain attitudes toward homosexuality. Herek (1987) identified four functions: ego-defensive (defense of threats to the self), value-expressive (expression of key values), social-expressive (expression of important social norms), and experiential (based on past experiences). Results suggested that men were more likely to attribute their attitudes to the ego-defensive function. Men and women were equally likely to attribute their attitudes to the experiential function. The ego-defensive function was the best predictor of homonegativity for men and women, whether they held generally positive or generally negative attitudes toward homosexuality. The experiential function did not predict homonegativity. Participants tended to be neither very homonegative nor very ego-defensive.     

Gambling motivations and superstitious beliefs: a cross-cultural study with casino customers

The expansion of legalized commercial gaming in Macau has motivated stakeholders to explore opportunities in other Asian countries. However, there is a lack of research focusing on casino customers in these markets. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore gambling superstitious beliefs and motivations of those visiting a casino in South Korea, and how these factors are different across four ethnic groups. The researchers surveyed 323 casino customers in the lounge area on the casino floor, including Americans, Chinese, Japanese, and Koreans living abroad. This study found American gamblers could be characterized as more superstitious than Japanese gamblers, while the Chinese and American gamblers exhibited many similarities regarding the pattern of superstitious beliefs that they were most likely to endorse. The findings also suggest the culture and the area around the casino might be more important to Chinese, while novelty to Japanese and winning money to Korean gamblers are seen as most important. This study contributes to gambling literature by examining gamblers’ beliefs and motives in a different setting with more diverse populations than those in previous studies. The findings of this study will help casino operators properly develop and adjust strategies to thrive in the Asian marketplace.     

Heterogeneity in treatment effects across diverse populations

Differences in patient characteristics, including age, sex, and race influence the safety and effectiveness of drugs, biologic products, and medical devices. Here we provide a summary of the topics discussed during the opening panel at the 2018 Johns Hopkins Center for Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation symposium on Assessing and Communicating Heterogeneity of Treatment Effects for Patient Subpopulations: Challenges and Opportunities. The goal of this session was to provide a brief overview of FDA-regulated therapeutics, including drugs, biologics and medical devices, and some of the major sources of heterogeneity of treatment effects (HTE) related to patient demographics, such as age, sex and race. The panel discussed the US Food and Drug Administration's role in reviewing and regulating drugs, devices, and biologic products and the challenges associated with ensuring that diverse patient populations benefit from these therapeutics. Ultimately, ensuring diverse demographic inclusion in clinical trials, and designing basic and clinical research studies to account for the intended patient population's age, sex, race, and genetic factors among other characteristics, will lead to better, safer therapies for diverse patient populations.     

漫谈中美电影中消费文化的差异

本文结合几部影片浅析中美消费文化的差异。     

Does the Role of Student Factors with Adolescent Substance Use Vary by Geography?

This study assesses the association of 12th-grade student factors (e.g., grades, classroom misbehaviors) with substance use (i.e., binge drinking, cigarette smoking, marijuana) across large, medium-sized, and nonmetropolitan areas. Based on a sample of 2,189 students from the 2013 Monitoring the Future data set, logistic regression analyses showed that poor student academic and behavioral factors were associated with higher substance use after controlling for gender, race, and socioeconomic status. Interaction analyses further showed no significant differences in the influence of student factors on substance use across locales. Results suggest that prevention efforts against substance use should target student factors regardless of area of residency.