淮安市地表水水质变化趋势分析

应用季节性kendall检验法,对2000—2009年淮安市主要水系河流的地表水水质指标变化趋势进行分析评价。结果表明:随着近年来淮河流域水污染防治力度的加大,以及对洪泽湖作为南水北调东线工程输水主干线自身的治理,淮安市境内的主要河流湖泊总体水质略有好转,由于淮河入海水道水功能区划的调整,入海水道总体水质有所下降,而洪泽湖水体TP含量呈逐年上升趋势,其他水体水质总体变化不大。     

质量检测行业在水利工程后期的现状及发展方向

水利工程建设期间成立的各种质量检测机构在工程后期都面临着检测任务减少,投入减少,生存和发展受到严峻的考验。企业走向新的工程或者走向城市建设检测市场是未来各个水利质量检测机构发展的方向。     

Inter-MAC Green Path Selection for Heterogeneous Networks

Gigabit home networks represent a key technology to make the Future Internet success a reality. Consumers will require networks to be simple to install, without the need of any new wire and with green consideration. To make this network ubiquitous, seamless and robust, a technology independent MAC layer will ensure its global control and provide connectivities to any number of devices the user wishes to connect to it in any room. In order to make this vision comes true, substantial progress is required in the fields of protocol design and in systems architectures. For this goal, we introduce a new convergence layer denoted inter-MAC, which provides a common infrastructure to the home network, Among the inter-MAC functionalities, we focused the interest on the path selection mechanism including the green aspect. To improve quality of service, reduce energy consumption and radiofrequency devices number, we define a new path selection protocol based on several metrics. We present some preliminary results obtained on an experimental test bed.     

晋阳湖夏季浮游生物调查及水质分析

2009年5-9月,对晋阳湖的浮游生物及水质进行了调查,结果表明:晋阳湖共有浮游植物47种,浮游植物生物量为100.63 mg/L,浮游动物30种,生物量0.304 mg/L,水质类型为SCⅡa型。晋阳湖处于富营养化状态。     

塑性混凝土防渗墙在册田水库除险加固工程中的应用

塑性混凝土防渗墙是坝体坝基防渗处理的一种有效方法,文中结合在册田水库除险加固工程中的实际应用,介绍了塑性混凝土防渗墙特点、施工工艺、混凝土配合比设计和质量检查。     

汾河下游河津段防洪工程堤防填筑施工方法

以汾河下游堤防工程施工方法为论述对象,通过介绍堤防填筑方法(回填碾压试验、土料开采与运输、基础面清理、铺料厚度、铺料宽度、压实遍数等),总结得出在堤防填筑施工中切实可行的施工方法。     

柏叶口水库坝体填筑工程质量检测

柏叶口水库大坝施工中,大坝主体填筑共检测样品23个,其中：2A垫层料检测样品8个,2B特殊垫层料检测样品1个,3A过渡料检测样品4个,3B主堆石检测样品6个,3C次堆石检测样品4个,质量抽检均已达到设计要求。     

The effect of damming on biological quality according to macroinvertebrates in some Estonian streams,Central—Baltic Europe: A pilot study

The effect of damming on the structure of the macroinvertebrate community and biological quality was studied in nine (the 3–6th order) lowland streams of Estonia, Central—Baltic ecoregion of Europe. Four habitats—reservoirs with accumulated fine sediments, reservoirs with hard bottom, and two corresponding below‐dam areas (both fast‐flowing)—were compared to study whether and how significantly the bottom substrata in dammed areas affected macroinvertebrates and biological quality downstream of dams. The standard kick‐net samples (1.25 m², complemented with qualitative sample) were collected in autumn 2005—spring 2006. The multimetric biological quality, based on five macroinvertebrate indices (total taxa richness, EPT taxa richness, Average Score Per Taxon, Danish Stream Fauna Index, Shannon diversity) was estimated and compared with reference values. Biological quality in reservoirs with hard bottom and their downstream reaches corresponded to good, or even high quality. Conversely, damming affected biological quality significantly and negatively, above the dam if fine sediments were accumulated. The effect was the strongest within muddy reservoirs themselves (revealing moderate quality only). However, some harmful consequences of mud were observed also downstream of dams. The results also demonstrated that the indices of estimation of organic pollution and/or general quality were able to reflect significant changes in stream flow. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Water quality in the southern Tibetan Plateau: chemical evaluation of the Yarlung Tsangpo (Brahmaputra)

Yarlung Tsangpo (Brahmaputra) is the largest river system draining the northern slopes of the Himalayan ranges on the southern Tibetan Plateau. It remains one of only two large non‐regulated rivers in China. In this paper the chemical composition of Yarlung Tsangpo and its major tributaries (Raga Tsangpo, Nyangchu and Lhasa River) are studied. Water samples (n = 55) were collected and measured for major ions, trace elements and nutrients in order to: (1) define the present chemical quality of this water course; (2) address possible mechanisms governing the water chemical compositions, and (3) identify potential sources for contaminants. Multivariable analysis shows that geology and climate are the major explanatory variables for the spatial variation in water chemistry in this river system. In general, water chemistry is mainly controlled by carbonate weathering, with Ca²⁺ and HCO being the dominant ions. In addition, runoff from brackish/saline lakes and geothermal waters, enriched in Na⁺, Cl^?, SO, Mg²⁺ and Li, are major contributors of elevated concentrations of these solutes in the headwater regions resulting in a relatively high loading of total dissolved solids (TDS, 146–397 mg L^?1). Levels of most heavy metals and total dissolved nutrients were generally found to be low. However, elevated As concentration (avg. 95 μg L^?1) in the headwaters and additions from untreated wastewater were evident at some locations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mathematical model to identify nitrogen variability in large rivers

The river Swale in Yorkshire, northern England has been the subject of many studies concerning water quality. This paper builds on existing data resources and previous 1D river water quality modelling applications at daily resolution (using QUESTOR) to provide a different perspective on understanding pollution, through simulation of the short‐term dynamics of nutrient transport along the river. The two main objectives are (1) building, calibration and evaluation of a detailed mathematical model (Advection‐Dispersion Model: ADModel), for nutrient transport under unsteady flow conditions and (2) the development of methods for estimating key parameters characterizing pollutant transport (velocity, dispersion coefficient and transformation rates) as functions of hydrological parameters and/or seasonality. The study of ammonium and nitrate has highlighted temporal variability in processes, with maximum nitrification and denitrification rates during autumn. Results show that ADModel is able to predict the main trend of measured concentration with reasonable accuracy and accounts for temporal changes in water flow and pollutant load along the river. Prediction accuracy could be improved through more detailed modelling of transformation processes by taking into account the variability of factors for which existing data were insufficient to allow representation. For example, modelling indicates that interactions with bed sediment may provide an additional source of nutrients during high spring flows. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.