Lowland rice response to potassium fertilization and its effect on N and P uptake

Not much is known about the response of lowland rice to K fertilization under Brazilian conditions. A field experiment was conducted during four consecutive years to determine the response of three lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars to K fertilization on a Low Humic Gley soil. In the first two years, K was broadcast at rates of 0, 42, 84, 126, and 168 kg K ha^–1. In the last two years K rates were reduced to 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 kg K ha^–1 and applied in a band. Potassium significantly (P < 0.01) increased grain yields but the response varied from cultivar to cultivar and year to year. Yield responses to K fertilization were superimposed on a general trend of increasing grain yields across the four growing seasons. Mean grain yields increased 14.3% with broadcast application of K in the first two years and 10.4% with banded application of K in the last two years when compared to the control treatments. Extractable soil K increased with K application rate and decreased with soil depth. Potassium was rapidly removed from the soil and yearly broadcast or banded application of K can be expected to result in a significant increase in grain yield of lowland rice in these soils.     

抗除草剂油菜施用甲咪唑烟酸和阿特拉津对下茬作物水稻的影响

2005—2006年抗除草剂油菜田施用除草剂甲咪唑烟酸和阿特拉津土壤残留对后茬水稻影响的田间小区试验结果表明,甲咪唑烟酸72、108ga.i./hm^2（推荐用量范围）和高剂量144ga.i./hm^2在油菜田施用后,推荐剂量范围内对后茬水稻的产量未造成显著影响,高剂量144ga.i./hm^2对产量有显著影响,40%阿特拉津悬浮剂900、1200ga.i./hm^2（推荐用量范围）和高剂量1800ga.i./hm^2在油菜田施用后,推荐剂量范围内对后茬水稻的产量影响不显著,高剂量对水稻的产量有明显的影响。这一结果说明甲咪唑烟酸和阿特拉津在推荐剂量范围内在油菜田施用对后茬水稻的安全性。     

米糠-硫酸直接浸锰工艺条件研究

以米糠及湘西软锰矿为原料,对米糠-硫酸直接浸锰制备硫酸锰的工艺条件进行了研究。结果表明,米糠-硫酸法浸锰的最佳工艺条件为:浸锰温度250℃,硫酸质量分数50%,浸锰时间75min,米糠用量为软锰矿粉质量的20%,硫酸用量为其理论用量的110%。按该工艺条件浸锰,锰的浸出率可达95%以上。该工艺具有能耗少、生产成本低、锰的浸出率高等优点,为软锰矿的开发利用开辟了一条新途径。     

稻壳吸附剂的制备及其吸附聚丙烯酰胺的应用研究

采用稻壳为原料,使用浓硫酸炭化活化稻壳方法制备稻壳活性炭。将所制备的活性炭吸附处理聚丙烯酰胺污水,确定了活性炭最佳吸附能力的制备工艺条件,并通过一系列实验得出了稻壳吸附剂吸附溶液中HPAM的最佳实验条件,并深入研究了其吸附处理HPAM过程的吸附动力学,确定了其等温吸附线模型。实验结果表明,采用浓硫酸处理稻壳的方法制备活性炭具有方法简单、处理效果好的特点,因此在含聚污水的前期预处理中具有良好的应用前景。     

二氧化氯催化氧化处理活性艳红染料废水催化剂的制备与应用

研究了二氧化氯催化氧化用催化剂的制备条件与催化剂性能。实验结果表明，在工业催化剂载体上负载Cu^2+活性组分的催化剂制备优化条件为：w(Cu²⁺)=6%，焙烧温度500 ℃，焙烧时间4 h。用此催化剂进行二氧化氯催化氧化处理COD为2 700 mg·L^-1的活性艳红染料配制废水时，COD去除率达75%；催化剂寿命与再生实验表明，该方法在技术与经济上都具有较强实用性。     

铁泥氧化制备颜料铁红的研究

以工业废渣铁泥为原料,经拌酸氧化制备铁红颜料,探讨了酸的种类、浓度及用量和氧化温度及时间对产品质量的影响。结果表明,较佳的工艺条件为:硫酸浓度60%,硫酸与铁泥质量比1∶1.2,氧化温度800℃,氧化时间2.0 h,得铁红产品,质量符合油漆、涂料等对铁红颜料的要求。     

17.2%苄.哌可湿性粉剂在直播稻田的应用

１７．２％苄．哌可湿性粉剂是近年推出的稻田复配除草剂新品种。通过药剂不同用量、时间试验结果，表明亩用２００－２５０克，在直接稻播后当天至５天内，对水３７．５公斤，喷雾处理，对杂草株、鲜重防效均达９０％以上，基本达到施药一次，控制草害。药剂对水稻安全，无药害产生，因而是目前直播稻田比较理想的除草剂新品种。     

Lipid hydrolysis and oxidation on the surface of milled rice

The changes in milled rice FFA content and composition and in conjugated diene (CD) content and bacterial, yeast, and mold counts were determined at 24, 37, and 50°C and 70% RH over 50 d. There was a rapid rate of FFA formation during the first few days of storage, which was optimal at 37°C, but that slowed after 2, 4, and 5 d at 37, 24, and 50°C, respectively. There was a second increase in FFA after about day 12 that increased with increasing temperature, indicating nonlipase hydrolysis. Linoleic and oleic acids were the main components of the total FFA produced on the surface of milled rice. The pattern of CD development followed that of FFA increase. Bacterial growth correlated with increased FFA levels after 12 d of storage, suggesting that bacterial lipase rather than bran lipase may be responsible for rice lipid hydrolysis     

赤泥的综合利用及其环保功能

赤泥的综合利用,应在巩固其用作建材原料、铺路筑坝、工程回填、农业利用等传统方式的基础上,加强复合型功能性材料的开发和推广,从整体上考虑赤泥中有用物质的回收工艺,并大力开发赤泥的环保功能,从而彻底解决赤泥的污染问题.     

包裹型镉硒红在三种不同基础釉中的发色及影响因素

选取三种不同的熔块作为基础釉,研究ZrSiO4晶体包裹Cd(SxSe1-x)色料在其中的发色及外加不同含量Zn、Ca、Mg、Si、Na对发色和釉面质量的影响,并在本实验的基础上得到相关结论。