Inhibitory of multiple antifungal components produced by Lactobacillus plantarum K35 on growth,aflatoxin production and ultrastructure alterations of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus

The antifungal activity of Lactobacillus plantarum K35 isolated from traditional Thai fermented rice noodle was evaluated against the growth and aflatoxin production of Aspergillus flavus TISTR304 and Aspergillus parasiticus TISTR3276. Multiple antifungal compounds secreted by L. plantarum were firstly analyzed using GC–MS in parallel to the ultrastructure alteration of the treated fungi. L. plantarum K35 supernatant caused significant reduction of the fungal growth and aflatoxin production. The antifungal activity was pH-dependent and favorable to acidic conditions whereas the catalase treatment had no influence indicating no involvement of hydrogen peroxide in the inhibition. Antifungal substances were resistant to sterilization and proteolytic enzymes including trypsin and proteinase K. The major components, apart from lactic acid, were 2-butyl-4-hexyloctahydro-1H-indene (19.55%), oleic acid (10.52%) and palmitic acid (7.27%). Other minor antifungal compounds included linoleic acid (2.11%), 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (1.84%), stearic acid (1.55%), 3-phenyllactic acid (1.42%) and pyroglutamic acid (1.07%). The morphological changes of the fungi exposed to the supernatant were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). L. plantarum K35 supernatant caused severe damage to the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane leading to a massive loss of cytoplasmic content, the formation of membrane-bound vesicles, and complete destruction of membranous organelles including mitochondria and nucleus.     

甘肃武都区5个主栽品种油橄榄果实的性状及品质研究

以甘肃武都区董家坝油橄榄种植基地所产的佛奥、鄂植8号、莱星、科拉蒂和皮削利5个主栽品种油橄榄果实为研究对象,从生物学特征和活性成分两方面分析了果实性状和综合品质。结果表明:5个主栽品种油橄榄果实单果质量为2.56~6.16 g、果肉含量为73.61%~88.53%、水分含量为51.84%~68.50%、果形指数为1.27~1.44,各品种间果实性状参数存在不同程度的差异性;果肉油脂含量和总糖含量分别在56.17%~71.11%、4.20%~8.83%之间,而且两者之间存在一定的负相关性;果肉纯水提取物中总酚含量为0.49%~0.56%、总黄酮含量为3.13%~7.14%、皂苷含量为1.05%~2.26%,各品种间存在不程度的显著性差异;果肉多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性在23.89~325.00 U/(g·min)之间,PPO活性与果实总酚和总黄酮含量之间存在一定的负相关性,表明果实中存在的PPO可能在酚类物质的氧化方面发挥作用。综合分析认为,武都区主栽的佛奥等5个品种油橄榄果实的表现均具备优良油用品种的特性。     

真空玻璃平板光伏构件光学物理性能检测与应用

本文首先介绍了真空玻璃平板光伏构件,然后根据相关标准测试该种构件的光学物理性能,最后分析该种构件在全国各气候分区的应用适宜性。     

Impact of culture source and linoleic acid (C18:2) on biohydrogen production from glucose under mesophilic conditions

Genomic and statistical methods were used to demonstrate the effects of linoleic acid (LA) on hydrogen (H₂) production in mixed anaerobic cultures from two sources (designated as A and B). The microbial composition of the control cultures CA and CB were statistically different. Bacteroidaceae (26%) and Clostridiaceae (10%) dominated CA whereas Clostridiaceae (33%) and Bacteroidaceae (10%) dominated CB. Homoacetogens directed 42% of the electron equivalents to acetate production and decreased the H₂ yield by 50% in CA compared to CB. The maximum H₂ yields (3.11 ± 0.02 and 3.11 ± 0.07 mol H₂ mol⁻¹ glucose in LA-treated cultures ALA and BLA, respectively) were statistically the same. Cultures ALA and BLA followed the acetate-butyrate pathway while CA and CB followed propionate and homoacetogenic pathways. LA-treated and control cultures were statistically different based on the type and quantity of metabolites; the differences were also confirmed by principal component analysis (PCA).     

Assessing Chinese coach drivers’ fitness to drive: The development of a toolkit based on cognition measurements

Road traffic accidents resulting in group deaths and injuries are often related to coach drivers’ inappropriate operations and behaviors. Thus, the evaluation of coach drivers’ fitness to drive is an important measure for improving the safety of public transportation. Previous related research focused on drivers’ age and health condition. Comprehensive studies about commercial drivers’ cognitive capacities are limited. This study developed a toolkit consisting of nine cognition measurements across driver perception/sensation, attention, and reaction. A total of 1413 licensed coach drivers in Jiangsu Province, China were investigated and tested. Results indicated that drivers with accident history within three years performed overwhelmingly worse (p < 0.001) on dark adaptation, dynamic visual acuity, depth perception, attention concentration, attention span, and significantly worse (p < 0.05) on reaction to complex tasks compared with drivers with clear accident records. These findings supported that in the assessment of fitness to drive, cognitive capacities are sensitive to the detection of drivers with accident proneness. We first developed a simple evaluation model based on the percentile distribution of all single measurements, which defined the normal range of “fit-to-drive” by eliminating a 5% tail of each measurement. A comprehensive evaluation model was later constructed based on the kernel principal component analysis, in which the eliminated 5% tail was calculated from on integrated index. Methods to categorizing qualified, good, and excellent coach drivers and criteria for evaluating and training Chinese coach drivers’ fitness to drive were also proposed.     

Stability of electronic nose (e-nose) as determined by considering date-pits heated at different temperatures

Variability and sensitivity of a portable electronic nose (32 sensors) was assessed by considering different variables for measurement (i.e., reference, standard, first and second purges, sample draw time, waiting time for the volatiles released in the headspace, and mass of sample or headspace volume of the jar containing sample). In this study, dried date-pits were used a model sample. The highest stability was achieved when both reference and standard (i.e., dried date-pits, no heating treatment) were used before test sample measurement. Higher sample draw time more than 10 s significantly decreased the stability, whereas optimum second purge was observed at 50 s. Optimum time to generate volatile was observed as 24 h. A sample of 100 g increased the signal intensity compared to the 50 g sample for the 60°C and 100°C treated samples, while an opposite trend was observed for the 150°C treated sample. Finally, the responses of volatile components in date-pits heated at different temperatures (60°C, 100°C, and 150°C) were measured using the optimum operating conditions. Principal component analysis explored the relationships between the volatile features and classified date-pits heated at different temperatures. The results showed that an electronic nose was able to classify date-pits based on their volatile components generated by different degrees of heating (93.3% accuracy).     

Dynamic Evaluation Model and Application Methods for Engineering Machine Maintenance Quality

It is an important content of equipment management to keep the engineering machine well. Based on the theory of component technology and grey related algorithm arithmetic,the requirements and procedures of engineering machine maintenance predicting process are analyzed,and a support object evaluation system is provided. The qualitative and quantitative indexes of evaluating process are fully taken into consideration to provide scientific meth- ods and ways for proper evaluation and decision.     

Evaluation of the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of extracted saponins and flavonols from germinated black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Flavonoids and saponins from common beans have been widely studied due to their bioactivity. This research evaluated the effect of germination of black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on the antioxidant capacity and antiproliferative activity against cancer cell lines of saponins and flavonoids extracted from seed coats, cotyledons and sprouts. Principal component analysis was performed to achieve punctual associations between the black bean saponins and flavonoids concentrations to the antioxidant capacity and the antiproliferative activities. Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of extracts were higher when obtained from seed coats, mainly from the 3rd germination day. The extracts obtained from seed coats after 3 and 5 germination days inhibited all cancer cell lines proliferation with no cytotoxicity against control cells. Genistein was related with the activity against mammary cancer cells but flavonols and group B saponins were more related with hepatic and colon cancers. Non-glycosilated flavonols were related with antioxidant capacity.     

微构件的热注射近净成型控制

首先建立了微构件的热注射近净成型的数学模型,讨论了参数变量的控制。通过数据分析找到了参数的最佳控制范围,达到微构件的热注射近净成型过程中效率高、损失小的实验目标。