东濮凹陷沙三

东濮凹陷沙三^3-4亚段可划分为两个Ⅲ级层序,每个Ⅲ级层序都可划分为低位体系域、高位体系域.湖侵.湖退体系域.低位体系域主要发育低位三角洲沉积体系、低位扇沉积体系、千盐湖沉积体系.高位体系域主要发育高位三角洲沉积体系、高位湖底扇浊积砂沉积体系、辫状河沉积体系-浊积砂沉积体系.湖侵-湖退体系域主要发育湖泊扇三角洲沉积体系、辫状河沉积体系、湖退-湖进三角洲沉积体系、滩坝沉积体系.低位三角洲砂体、低位扇砂体是油气勘探最有利的砂体,其次是高位三角洲砂体、高位湖底扇砂体、辫状河砂体、扇三角洲砂体.     

Prevention of La^3＋ on DNA Damage Caused by Hg^2＋ from Fish Intestines

Recent studies have shown that heavy metals havebecome the most important contaminants in the environ-ment.Some heavy metals ,such as Pb, Cd, Hg, As ,Co,and Cr have genetic toxicity. They disturb DNAmetabolismand lead to aberrance of chromosome andDNA[1].…     

The yin-yang driving urinary tract infection and how proteomics can enhance research,diagnostics, and treatment

Bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) afflict millions of people worldwide both in the community and the hospital setting. The onset, duration, and severity of infection depend on the characteristics of the invading pathogen (yin), as well as the immune response elicited by the infected individual (yang). Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) account for the majority of UTIs, and extensive investigations by many scientific groups have elucidated an elaborate pathogenic UPEC life cycle, involving the occupation of extracellular and intracellular niches and the expression of an arsenal of virulence factors that facilitate niche occupation. This review will summarize the current knowledge on UPEC pathogenesis; the host immune responses elicited to combat infection; and it will describe proteomics approaches used to understand UPEC pathogenesis, as well as drive diagnostics and treatment options. Finally, new strategies are highlighted that could be applied toward furthering our knowledge regarding host-bacterial interactions during UTI.     

卫42块整体压裂改造方案研究

卫4 2块自1985年上报探明储量以来,一直因构造、储层分布复杂,产能较低而做为难动用储量区块,经过十几年的勘探实践,尤其通过1997年的滚动勘探,该块的构造特征和油水关系已较清楚,目前已实施开发方案。由该块过去试油成果认识到,若要提高该区油井产能,必须实施压裂改造,同时为配合该区块有条不紊地合理开发,必须对该区进行综合研究,制定出合理有效的整体压裂改造实施方案,为该区块增产稳产提供依据     

陆相层序地层研究中几个问题的探讨

从层序地层学的本质出发,结合渤海海域油田研究实际,对层序地层划分与对比的本质、三级层序内部划分问题以及不同体系域三角洲砂体沉积特征进行了探讨,认为搞清研究区沉积环境变化规律是进行层序地层研究的根本,三级层序内部划分必须重视直接反映沉积环境变化的古生物资料;正确认识层序地层、古地貌、物源之间的关系是搞清三角洲砂体沉积特征的关键;只有搞清砂体沉积特征分布规律,才会对不同体系域、不同类型的隐蔽圈闭具有更清晰的认识,从而为隐蔽油气藏勘探提供有益的启示与参考。     

肠道驻留机构的设计和实验

研究并设计了一种微型肠道驻留机构以实现胃肠道机器人在人体肠道特殊环境下的有效驻留。该驻留机构采用径向伸出三组腿的方式实现扩张,扩张后三组腿仍然处于封闭状态,从而有效降低了肠道组织被夹住的风险。对驻留机构与肠道之间的相互作用进行了建模分析,并将驻留机构的驻留力分为库伦摩擦力和边缘阻力两部分,分析了其产生机理。通过实验测试了驻留机构的扩张力以及驻留力。实验结果表明:驻留机构的扩张力与理论分析较为接近,驻留力大小与肠道直径、驻留腿扩张直径以及驻留机构速度有关。当驻留腿的扩张直径为20~26mm时,驻留力大小为0.15~0.4N;当驻留腿扩张直径大于26mm时,驻留力迅速增加,为0.5~1.8N。设计的肠道驻留机构体积小、安全,可较好地适应肠道的生理环境,并为肠道诊疗微型机器人驻留机构的设计提供了一种新的思路。     

The Tyrosine Gate of the Bacterial Lectin FimH: A Conformational Analysis by NMR Spectroscopy and X‐ray Crystallography

Urinary tract infections caused by uropathogenic E. coli are among the most prevalent infectious diseases. The mannose‐specific lectin FimH mediates the adhesion of the bacteria to the urothelium, thus enabling host cell invasion and recurrent infections. An attractive alternative to antibiotic treatment is the development of FimH antagonists that mimic the physiological ligand. A large variety of candidate drugs have been developed and characterized by means of in vitro studies and animal models. Here we present the X‐ray co‐crystal structures of FimH with members of four antagonist classes. In three of these cases no structural data had previously been available. We used NMR spectroscopy to characterize FimH–antagonist interactions further by chemical shift perturbation. The analysis allowed a clear determination of the conformation of the tyrosine gate motif that is crucial for the interaction with aglycone moieties and was not obvious from X‐ray structural data alone. Finally, ITC experiments provided insight into the thermodynamics of antagonist binding. In conjunction with the structural information from X‐ray and NMR experiments the results provide a mechanism for the often‐observed enthalpy–entropy compensation of FimH antagonists that plays a role in fine‐tuning of the interaction.     

The orexinergic system in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and its regulation by dietary lipids

In this study, we report the distribution of orexin A (OXA), orexin B (OXB), and orexin receptor (OX2R) immunoreactive (ir) cells in the hypothalamus and gastrointestinal tract of Oncorhynchus mykiss fed diets with different dietary fatty acid compositions. Trout were fed five iso‐energetic experimental diets containing fish oil, or one of four different vegetable oils (olive, sunflower, linseed, and palm oils) as the added dietary lipid source for 12 weeks. OXA, OXB, and OX2R immunoreactive neurons and nervous fibers were identified in the lateral and ventro‐medial hypothalamus. OXA, OXB, and OX2R ir cells were found in the mucosa and glands of the stomach and in the mucosa of both the pyloric cecae and intestine. OX2R ir cells were localized in the mucosa layer of both the pyloric cecae and intestine. These immunohistochemical (IHC) results were confirmed via Western blotting. Antibodies against preproorexin (PPO) crossreacted with a band of ～16 kDa in the hypothalamus, stomach, pyloric cecae, and intestine. Antibodies against OX2R crossreacted with a band of ～38 kDa in the hypothalamus, pyloric cecae, and intestine. The presence and distribution of OXA, OXB, and OX2R ir cells in the hypothalamus and gastrointestinal tract did not appear to be affected by dietary oils. The presence of orexin system immunoreactive cells in the stomach, pyloric cecae, and intestine of rainbow trout, but not in the enteric nervous system, could suggest a possible role of these peptides as signaling of gastric emptying or endocrine modulation, implying a main local action played by orexins. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:707–714, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

不同介质中活性炭吸附与缓释烟酸的研究

研究了活性炭吸附烟酸并在不同介质（蒸馏水、人工胃液、人工肠液）中对烟酸的释放。人工胃液对烟酸的释放有很强的促进作用,累计释放百分率是三种介质中最高的,达到76．36％,并对其原因进行了初步探讨。数学模拟的结果表明,活性炭在三种介质中释放烟酸过程120min前均符合Higuchi模型,整个释放过程符合药物体外释放一级动力学模型。     

乳果糖对门脉高压大鼠肠粘膜屏障功能保护作用的研究

目的探讨乳果糖对肝硬化门脉高压大鼠肠粘膜屏障功能的保护作用。方法50只雄性SD大鼠皮下注射50%CCl4橄榄油溶液,制造门脉高压模型。造模后存活大鼠随机分为:(1)治疗组;(2)对照组;(3)模型组。治疗组即乳果糖组,灌服乳果糖5mL/kg,每日2次,直至大鼠排稀便(共10d);对照组仅灌服葡萄糖水。11d后处死取全血及肝、脾、肾、和肠系膜淋巴结组织匀浆后作细菌培养,测细菌易位率;采用改良的偶氮基质显色法行内毒素测定;取回肠粘膜组织行HE、Masson染色和超微病理的观察研究;采用免疫组织化学方法测定回肠末端紧密连接蛋白(occludin)表达水平。结果治疗组细菌易位发生率较对照组和模型组均明显降低(P<0.05);与模型组、对照组比较,治疗组肝功能显著改善(P<0.01);治疗组血清内毒素水平(0.20±0.08)Eu/mL亦明显低于对照组、模型组之(0.33±0.06)Eu/mL、(0.44±0.07)Eu/mL(P<0.01);紧密连接蛋白的表达,治疗组与对照组、模型组比较,亦具有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论口服乳果糖可以改善肠道屏障功能,减少门脉高压大鼠肠道菌群易位,减轻内毒素血症,从而一定程度上...