原盐洗涤工艺在精盐水制备中的应用

针对当前原盐中因Mg^2 、Ca^2 及泥沙含量较大而严重影响生产的实际情况，介绍了1种简单易行的原盐洗涤工艺。     

Composition of organic and conventionally produced sunflower seed oil

The aim of the present study was to highlight the main differences between seed oils produced from conventionally cultivated crops and organically cultivated ones and processed using mild extraction procedures. The composition and the nutritional and health aspects of both types of sunflower seed oils were compared and were analytically tested to determine the macroscopic differences in proximate composition, the main differences in the minor components, the main quality parameters, the in vitro antioxidant activity, and the presence of trans-ethylene steroisomers in FA. No significant trends were found in the oil samples for TAG and FA composition, but remarkable differences were found in the composition of minor components and in the main chemical and analytical quality properties. The organically grown samples had a higher total antioxidant activity compared with the conventional samples. Trans FA were found only in the conventional oils.     

炼油废水处理场臭气治理系统设计初探

炼油废水处理场产生的臭气对人和设备均有较大的危害。通过处理工艺比选,在设计时选择了投资运行费用较低、运行稳定、操作方便的生物处理系统对臭气进行治理,取得了较好的效果。     

谈如何提高二次精制盐水质量

介绍了锦化化工(集团)有限责任公司提高二次精制盐水质量的成功经验,讨论了过滤系统中碳素烧结管间距、一次盐水的质量及其游离氯含量、人为操作失误和助体给料量等五大因素对二次精制盐水质量的影响,并采取了相应的措施,如调整合适的碳素烧结管间距、改走砂滤器、更换过滤器碳素管等。介绍了二次精制盐水精制系统树脂塔精制盐水的操作要素,诸如控制盐水流量最高为68m3/h、温度在(60±5)℃、pH值在9左右,控制树脂塔的压差、树脂填充量、树脂性能、仪表阀的检查情况等,从而生产出高质量的二次精制盐水,保证了离子膜电解槽的平稳、高效运行。     

烧碱-纯碱联产处理SO42-新工艺运行总结

介绍了盐水精制过程中处理SO42-离子的新工艺,采用新工艺可节省投资和运行费用。     

The hydrocarbon fraction of virgin olive oil and changes resulting from refining

In numerous Spanish virgin olive oils, 6,10-dimethyl-1-undecene, various sesquiterpenes, the series ofn-alkanes from C14 to C35, n-8-heptadecene and squalene are the only less volatile components detected by gas chromatography in the hydrocarbon fraction. In oils from olives of the Arbequine variety, a series ofn-9-alkenes has also been found. In refined oils, notable features are the absence of the most volatile compounds and the appearance of other hydrocarbons produced during the refining process. Among these,n-alkanes, alkadienes (mainlyn-hexacosadiene), stigmasta-3,5-diene, isomerization products of squalene, isoprenoidal polyolefins coming from hydroxy derivatives of squalene and steroidal hydrocarbons derived from 24-methylene cycloartanol were identified. Physical refining produces larger amounts of degradation products and greater losses ofn-alkanes than chemical processing. Squalene is the major hydrocarbon component in all oils, both virgin and refined. The ranges of concentration for the different hydrocarbons found in Spanish virgin olive oils are presented.     

联合制碱母液精制研究(下)

Brief review of the evolutive course of preparation and refining of mother liquor in Hou's soda-manufacturing Process and the historical root of inferior quality of the product from Hou's Process to that of Ammonium Soda Process. By determination in production, the technical causes of carrying of "escaping crystal" in flooding liquid from the salting out crystallizer and necessity of replacing the existing mother liquor Ⅱ vat by mother liquor Ⅱ settling tank. Theoretical and engineering basis of refining of mother liquor in Hou's Process is emphasized. Main results from field test of purification and filtration at low temperature of mother liquor Ⅱ prepared from three kinds of salt as raw material are introduced. Principle opinions of application on production are put forward.     

常减压蒸馏装置中和缓蚀剂的研制

针对炼油厂常减压塔塔顶冷凝系统现存的腐蚀问题,研制出以有机胺、咪唑啉衍生物为主要组分复配而成的新型中和缓蚀剂。通过模拟蒸馏实验表明:液相部位的缓蚀率达到99%以上,在初馏区露点部位的缓蚀率达到98%以上该中和缓蚀剂性能优良。     

粗苯甲酸甲酯的精制

介绍用加介质减压精馏方法除掉与苯甲酸甲酯 (BE)伴生的杂质。用减压精馏可以除掉与BE沸点相差较大的组分。采用加H2 O2 和加NaHSO3反应萃取 2种方法除醛后 ,再加酸性介质减压精馏 ,可使提纯后的BE的质量分数达到 99%～ 99.9%。操作条件是精馏塔的压力为 1.3 3kPa ,温度为 90～ 95℃ ,塔顶温度为 65～ 68℃ ,理论塔板数为 5 4。     

使用KQ-1缓蚀阻焦剂,减轻糠醛装置腐蚀和结焦

独山子炼油厂糠醛精制装置设备腐蚀状况严重 ,尤其是加工高酸值原料 ,更加剧了设备的腐蚀。通过对腐蚀原因分析 ,决定从工艺防腐上解决 ,提出了加入缓蚀剂减缓设备腐蚀的方法 ,在实验室评价和工业装置中 ,评选了四种糠醛精制装置的缓蚀剂 ,其中KQ 1作为装置缓蚀剂效果最佳 ,平均缓蚀率达到 4 4 .5 % ,并估算了KQ 1工业使用的经济效果