有机硅化合物应用进展

叙述了生物有机硅材料、耐高温有机硅材料、功能性有机硅材料、改性有机硅材料等在相关领域的应用.     

Agricultural use of three organic residues: effect on orange production and on properties of a soil of the ‘Comarca Costa de Huelva’ (SW Spain)

Disposal of urban, agricultural and industrial organic residues impliesan increasing problem because of all the economic and environmentalrepercussions involved. One of the most adequate ways of managing this problemis the agricultural use of these wastes as organic amendments. Three organicresidues (AC, olive mill waste water sludge compost; MWC, municipal solid wastecompost; and PS, paper mill sludge) were used in a 3-year field experimentinvolving orange production. The effect of their application on crop productionand on soil quality was investigated. Soil samples (0–20 cm depth)collected 11 months after the last soil amendment were analysed for: pH and EC,Kjeldahl-N, available-P, available-K, total organic carbon, humic substances,dehydrogenase, phosphatase, -glucosidase, urease andbenzoyl-argininamidehydrolysing protease (BAA-protease) activities. Generally, the application of the MWC and PSincreased orange yield when compared to control. Moreover, total organic carbonand humic substances significantly increased in soils treated with all theorganic amendments. Organic fertilisation increased the Kjeldahl-N andavailable-P contents of the soil. The application of the organic residues also causedsignificant increases in dehydrogenase, -glucosidase, urease andBAA-protease activities of the soil. Significant positive correlations (p <0.01) between these enzymatic activities and total organic carbon were foundforall treatments. Significant positive correlation between dehydrogenase, urease,-glucosidase, and BAA-protease and orange yield was also found. However,a clear inhibition of phosphatase activity was observed in soils treated withPS. The results indicate that the repeated application to the soil of moderateamounts of organic amendments has positive effects on the chemical andbiochemical properties of the soil, as well as on the orange yield.     

A Fourier-transform infrared study of CO2 and CO2/H2 interactions with caesium-doped copper catalysts

FTIR spectra are reported of CO₂ and CO₂/H₂ on a silica-supported caesium-doped copper catalyst. Adsorption of CO₂ on a “caesium”/silica surface resulted in the formation of CO₂ ⁻ and complexed CO species. Exposure of CO₂ to a caesium-doped reduced copper catalyst produced not only these species but also two forms of adsorbed carboxylate giving bands at 1550, 1510, 1365 and 1345 cm⁻¹. Reaction of carboxylate species with hydrogen at 388 K gave formate species on copper and caesium oxide in addition to methoxy groups associated with caesium oxide. Methoxy species were not detected on undoped copper catalyst suggesting that caesium may be a promoter for the methanol synthesis reaction. Methanol decomposition on a caesium-doped copper catalyst produced a small number of formate species on copper and caesium oxide. Methoxy groups on caesium oxide decomposed to CO and H₂, and subsequent reaction between CO and adsorbed oxygen resulted in carboxylate formation. Methoxy species located at interfacial sites appeared to exhibit unusual adsorption properties.     

高性能自干型汽车用面漆的研制

用酯化法制得高性能丙烯酸改性醇酸树脂,并用该树脂配制成施工方便,干燥迅速,抗回黏性、耐沾污性、耐候性及耐油性好的单组分汽车涂料。介绍了该树脂及涂料的配方设计、生产工艺和产品性能。     

苯酚改性脲醛树脂合成工艺及性能的研究

用苯酚作为改性剂,采用高温(90℃)缩聚反应合成改性脲醛树脂胶粘剂,改进了合成工艺,缩短了反应时间。通过引入苯环改善了耐水、耐老化性能。分析了各因素对改性脲醛树脂的影响,得到甲醛、尿素、苯酚摩尔比为10:8:1时树脂性能最佳,胶合强度和木破率均达到GB／T 17656-1999标准规定值。     

无烟超薄型钢结构防火涂料的研制

介绍了无烟超薄型钢结构防火涂料的研制方法,将纳米有机-无机硅系阻燃剂应用到超薄型钢结构防火涂料中,改善了以往防火涂料单一使用APP阻燃剂而大量产生浓烟及有毒气体的缺陷。该防火涂料具有较好的耐火性能和装饰性能。     

变性淀粉取代聚乙烯醇生产Al2O3刚玉陶瓷的胶粘剂研究

论述了变性淀粉取代聚乙烯醇(PVA)生产Al2O3刚玉陶瓷的意义及聚乙烯醇结构与吸附性能的关系，并且根据胶粘机理，通过分析Al203胶粒的表面特性和变性淀粉的结构，说明了变性淀粉可以取代聚乙烯醇。     

Effect of nitrogen,phosphorus and soil and crop residues management practices on maize (Zea mays L.) yield in ultisol of eastern Cameroon

The shortening of fallow period in several areas in tropical Africa has reduced soil fertility and exposed soils to erosion and run-off. Fertilizer application and crop conservation practices are needeed to sustain high crop yield and to conserve the natural resource base for upland crop production in the continent. Field trials were carried out to evaluate the effect of fertilizer application and soil and crop residues management practices on yield of maize (Zea mays L.) planted on a Plinthudult soil at Bertoua, Eastern Cameroon. Maize yields increased significantly with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application. Under the rainfall pattern prevailing in the area, the amount of nitrogen required for maximum yield was higher in the second season. On the other hand, the amount of phosphorus required for maximum yield appeared to decrease with time. The burning of crop residues and weeds prior to planting together with no-till practive gave higher yield of maize than other soil and crop residues management practices.     

氟化改性丙烯酸树脂的合成及在飞机蒙皮涂料中的应用

合成了氟化改性羟基丙烯酸树脂,用HDI三聚体为固化剂,配制双组分聚氨酯丙烯酸飞机面漆,介绍了配方设计、性能检测及其在飞机上的使用效果。     

Solar Photocatalytic Degradation of Textile Dyes in TiO2 Suspended Solutions

The degradation and decolourization of direct dye (Everdirect supra turguoise blue, FBL), acidic dye (Isolan orange S-RL) and vat dye (Indanthren red FBB) have been investigated by solar/TiO2 process. The effects of solution pH, dye concentration, dosage of TiO2 and nano-size of TiO2 have been studied. The increase in initial pH (3, 5 and 11) and dye concentration decrease the removal rate. The treatment for FBB and FBL dye solutions is more efficient than that of S-RL.Under optimum conditions, the color removal is found to be almost complete for FBB and FBL while that of S-RL also reaches 95%. Langmuir adsorption isotherm and modified Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model (L-H model) have been fitted to the experimental data and found to correlate the adsorption patterns as well as the kinetics of the dyes studied.