Effect of photoaligning azo dye structure on liquid crystal anchoring energy

A method of controlling anchoring energy of surface interaction of liquid crystal photoaligning substances is considered to enhance the liquid crystal display performances. An important parameter of the dye's molecular structure that determines the ratio of polar and azimuthal anchoring energy is the ability to form dimers. The values of dimerization thermodynamic potentials have been found. The probability of the formation of dye molecules dimers is evaluated. The bonds conjugation transfer via intermolecular hydrogen bond is revealed, and anisotropy of polarizability of the hydrogen bond is evaluated. The effect of dimerization on polar and azimuthal anchoring energy of liquid crystal — azo dye system — is shown.     

Photoelectric properties of the photoconducting film composites based on ferrocenyl‐ and carbazolyl‐containing oligomer doped with polymethine dye

New photosensitive polymeric film composites based on oligomer containing ferrocenyl and carbazolyl fragments doped with symmetric polymethine dye are synthesized. Their photoelectric properties are investigated. Photovoltaic properties of these composites are detected. The mechanisms and peculiarities of the photovoltaic and photodielectric effects are discussed.     

荧光介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子的制备及其性能探究

利用单层十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)表面活性剂包覆染料并将其转相到水中,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备以荧光染料为核、介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子(MSNs)为壳的荧光介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子。利用DLS探讨了正硅酸乙酯、表面活性剂、氨水、染料浓度对粒子粒径的影响,利用SEM、TEM、TG、UV、PL光谱分析手段对复合纳米粒子结构、形貌、热稳定性、光谱进行了表征和探讨。结果表明,随着正硅酸乙酯和氨水用量增多,粒子粒径增加;表面活性剂用量较少时粒径会较大;染料浓度较低时对粒径影响较小;制备出的粉体可以在100nm左右可控;荧光强度提高、染料与二氧化硅最佳掺杂质量比为1.5×10-3;由于是物理包覆所以热稳定性提高有限,但抗紫外耐老化性有显著的提高。     

Synthesis and characterization of novel blue azo‐dye derivatives containing acrylate group for dye‐based color filters

Abstract— Even though dyes have a fine resolution and good chromaticities, they are not widely used as coloring materials for color filters (CFs) due to their low thermal stability and chemical resistance. A series of azo‐dye derivatives, which consist of two cross‐linkable acrylate or methacrylate groups to improve thermal and chemical properties, have been synthesized and used to fabricate color filters. The spectral properties and chemical/thermal stabilities of the fabricated CFs were investigated by comparing dye‐based CFs, without a complicated dispersion process, but with pigment‐based CFs using dispersed pigment. Also, more properties including the development test and surface morphologies lithographic properties were studied. The synthesized azo dyes were characterized by elemental analysis, UV‐visible spectra, IR, mass, and ¹H‐NMR spectra.     

Irreversible sensing of oxygen ingress

Absorption-based opto-chemical sensors for oxygen are presented that consist of leuco dyes (leuco indigo and leuco thioindigo) incorporated into two kinds of polymer matrices. An irreversible and visible color change (to red or blue) is caused by a chromogenic chemistry involving the oxidation of the (virtually colorless) leuco dyes by molecular oxygen. The moderately gas permeable copolymer poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) and a highly oxygen-permeable polyurethane hydrogel, respectively, are used in order to increase the effective dynamic range for visualizing and detecting oxygen. We describe the preparation and properties of four different types of such oxygen sensors that are obtained by dip-coating a gas impermeable foil made from poly(ethylene terephthalate) with a sensor layer composed of leuco dye and polymer.     

Density functional theory study of adsorption geometries and electronic structures of azo-dye-based molecules on anatase TiO2 surface for dye-sensitized solar cell applications

Structural and electronic properties of eight isolated azo dyes (ArNNAr′, where Ar and Ar′ denote the aryl groups containing benzene and naphthalene skeletons, respectively) were investigated by density functional theory (DFT) based on the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) and TD-B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) methods The effect of methanol solvent on the structural and electronic properties of the azo dyes was elucidated by employing a polarizable continuum model (PCM). Then, the azo dyes adsorbed onto the anatase TiO₂ (101) slab surface through a carboxyl group. The geometries and electronic structures of the adsorption complexes were determined using periodic DFT based on the PWC/DNP method. The calculated adsorption energies indicate that the adsorbed dyes preferentially take configuration of the bidentate bridging rather than chelating or monodentate ester-type geometries. Furthermore, the azo compounds having two carboxyl groups are coordinated to the TiO₂ surface more preferentially through the carboxyl group connecting to the benzene skeleton than through that connecting to the naphthalene skeleton. The dihedral angles (Φ_B-N) between the benzene- and naphthalene-skeleton moieties are smaller than 10° for the adsorbed azo compounds containing one carboxyl group. In contrast, Φ_B-N > 30° are obtained for the adsorbed azo compounds containing two carboxyl groups. The almost planar conformations of the former appear to strengthen both π-electrons conjugation and electronic coupling between low-lying unoccupied molecular orbitals of the azo dyes and the conduction band of TiO₂. On the other hand, such coupling is very weak for the latter, leading to a shift of the Fermi level of TiO₂ in the lower-energy direction. The obtained results are useful to the design and synthesize novel azo-dye-based molecules that give rise to higher photovoltaic performances of the dye-sensitized solar cells.     

Solvatochromic betaine dyes as optochemical sensor materials: detection of polar and non-polar vapors

Solvatochromic effects in the UV/VIS spectra of dyes can be applied to the monitoring of solvents in the gaseous phase. Within the class of solvatochromic dyes Reichhardt's betaine reveals an outstanding hypsochromic effect on protic solvents with a band shift of up to 350 nm. For vapor detection, the sensor behavior was optimized according to the linearity of the response signal, the sensitivity and a minimum influence of humidity by hydrophobizing siloxanes as additives. Furthermore, the dyes were immobilized under mild conditions by a sol–gel process which generates a high porosity for easy analyte access. The detection principle could be further extended to aprotic, polar solvents by embedding the dyes in protic matrices that form hydrogen bonds to the betaine oxygen. Then, the analyte disturbs the hydrogen bonds resulting in a bathochromic band shift resembling a back titration. Finally, the betaine phenol blue even allows the detection of halogenated hydrocarbons that lack a pronounced functionality but nonetheless a hyperchromic effect occurs during analyte exposition. Mechanistic aspects of these solvent absorption processes were traced by mass-sensitive measurements.     

天然染料的性质及其应用

本文简述天然染料的来源、特点、生产方法、染色工艺、存在的问题及其应用.     

改性废弃生物质对直接染料的吸附研究

选取花生壳、甘蔗渣和蛋壳膜等废弃物为原料,改性后制得生物质吸附剂,以直接蓝染料废水为处理对象,考察改性前后的吸附效果以及pH、吸附时间、吸附剂投加量等因素对吸附效果的影响,探讨了3种吸附剂的等温吸附和吸附动力学过程.研究表明,改性能够不同程度地提高3种吸附剂的吸附效果,pH和温度对吸附的影响较大,改性花生壳、甘蔗渣以及蛋壳膜在各自投加量条件下对染料废水的脱色率分别达到93.6％、97.4％和99.2％,平衡吸附量可达39,4mg/g、45.5mg/g及113mg/g,等温吸附过程遵从Langmuir方程,吸附动力学符合二级动力学模型.     

甲基橙掺杂聚吡咯/氧化石墨烯复合材料

为了得到新型导电聚合物/石墨烯纳米复合材料,采用偶氮染料甲基橙为掺杂剂,过硫酸铵为氧化剂,一步法制备了纳米片状的聚吡咯/氧化石墨烯复合材料,通过傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜等测试,对聚吡咯/氧化石墨烯复合材料的结构和形貌进行表征;通过循环伏安法对其进行电化学性能测试.结果表明:由于甲基橙分子中含有的磺酸根阴离子,甲基橙分子掺杂在聚吡咯分子链中,影响了聚吡咯分子的共轭结构;在聚吡咯/氧化石墨烯复合材料中保留了氧化石墨烯的片状结构,表明吡咯单体首先被吸附到氧化石墨表面,进而在氧化石墨烯表面发生聚合.聚吡咯/氧化石墨烯复合材料均匀的片状纳米结构,在循环伏安测试中显现出具有良好的电容特性,将来可以应用到商业电容器领域.