Surface performance of workpieces processed by electrical discharge machining in gas

The surface performance of workpieces processed by electrical discharge machining in gas(dry EDM)was studied in this paper.Firstly,the composition,micro hardness and recast layer of electrical discharge machined(EDMed)surface of 45 carbon steels in air were investigated through different test analysis methods.The results show that the workpiece surface EDMed in air contains a certain quantity of oxide,and oxidation occurs on the workpiece surface.Compared with the surface of workpieces processed in kerosene,fewer cracks exist on the dry EDMed workpiece surface,and the surface recast layer is thinner than that obtained by conventional EDM.The micro hardness of workpieces machined by dry EDM method is lower than that machined in kerosene,and higher than that of the matrix.In addition,experiments were conducted on the surface wear resistance of workpieces processed in air and kerosene using copper electrode and titanium alloy electrode.The results indicate that the surface wear resistance of workpieces processed in air can be improved,and it is related with tool material and dielectric.     

米曲霉在牛乳中最适生长条件的研究

利用米曲霉对牛乳进行发酵,通过单因子及正交试验以菌丝体干重为指标对其在牛乳中的生长进行了研究．结果表明：接种量为4％,装液量为30mL,摇床转速为180r／min时菌丝体干重可达到最大．此外测得最大菌丝体干重时的蛋白质分解率可达35．6％．     

干密度对土工格栅与膨胀土界面拉拔性状的影响

采用高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)单向土工格栅与聚脂(PET)双向土工格栅,以及南水北调中线工程新乡段的膨胀性泥灰岩风化土,在填土尺寸为600 mm×600 mm×600 mm的大型叠环式剪切仪上进行拉拔试验,研究了干密度对土工格栅与膨胀土界面拉拔性状的影响.结果表明:干密度较大时,土工格栅刚体平动及其速率增大时的拉拔力较大,峰值拉拔力较大,峰值时土工格栅的变形量较大;干密度较大时,筋土界面摩阻力-相对位移曲线更偏于弹塑性特征,其界面切向刚度较小;干密度对界面似摩擦角的影响显著,而对似粘聚力的影响较小.     

阳离子淀粉制备研究现状及应用

根据阳离子淀粉的生产原理,分析了国内外制备研究的进展,包括:干法制备、半干法制备和湿法制备。探讨了阳离子淀粉的发展动态和应用前景。     

泡沫混凝土配合比的设计

在研究泡沫混凝土各种原材料性能及大量实验和中试生产实践基础上,运用数理统计归纳分析,设计出既能满足泡沫混凝土干密度、导热率、强度、浇筑稳定性等技术要求,又经济合理、易于操作的各种原材料配合比,达到控制泡沫混凝土导热系数和抗压强度的目的,进而指导泡沫混凝土生产工艺过程,确保产品质量.     

Wear Performance of Laser Surface Hardened GCr15 Steel

In order to assess the new tribological properties of laser surface hardened GCr15 steel, the wear resistance between specimens treated with laser and those of conventionally hardened under dry sliding conditions was compared. The change of wear mechanisms in laser hardened GCr15 resulted in a distinct difference in wear rates. The results showed that quenched zones not only had sufficient depth of hardening and higher hardness, but had more retained austenite and finer carbides because of a higher degree o...     

冻结方式影响试样内部结构变化的CT研究

利用CT技术可以在不破坏土体结构的情况下,连续不间断的观测到土体试样内各局部区域参数的变化.研究了两种粉质黏土试样分别以不同冻结方式进行冻结,并对试样进行了无损CT扫描,比较了冻结前后的CT数变化,由此定量得到试样内部各区域含水量和干密度的变化程度.结果表明:对于初始均匀的试样而言,不同冻结方式,对试样冻结后其内部含水量和干密度的变化的影响程度及趋势是不同的,比较而言,轴向冻结方式对冻土试样内部含水量的变化影响要小于径向冻结方式.     

Manipulation of gasification coal feed in order to increase the ash fusion temperature of the coal enabling the gasifiers to operate at higher temperatures

Coal is a crucial feedstock for South Africa’s unique synfuels and petrochemicals industry and used by Sasol as a feedstock to produce synthesis gas via the Sasol-Lurgi Fixed Bed Dry Bottom (FBDB) gasification process. The ash fusion temperature (AFT) gives detail information on the suitability of a coal source for gasification purposes, and specifically to which extent ash agglomeration or clinkering is likely to occur within the gasifier. Ash clinkering inside the gasifier can cause channel burning and unstable operation.Sasol-Lurgi FBDB gasifiers are currently operated with the philosophy of adding an excess of steam to the process to control the H₂/CO ratio of the syngas produced, but indirectly also to control the maximum gasifier temperature below the AFT of the coal. An opportunity exists to increase the AFT of the coal fed to the gasifiers by adding AFT increasing minerals to the coal blend before it is fed into the gasification process. For the aim of this study a South African coal source was investigated, as being used by the gasification operations in Secunda.With the specific aim of this study, to increase the AFT, the determination of the AFT of the coal blends where acidic components such as silica (SiO₂), alumina (Al₂O₃) and titania (TiO₂) were added was conducted. The Al₂O₃ had the biggest and most significant effect on the AFT with the least addition to the coal blend. The effect of SiO₂ and TiO₂ were very similar, but the effect was much smaller and further Al₂O₃ was needed to increase the AFT to a similar AFT level in comparison to the SiO₂ used. Kaolinite, roof and floor components (containing mainly Al₂O₃ and SiO₂) were also added, also showing an increase in the AFT with up to 4 mass% addition. Another observation was that the AFT was non-additive (not a linear weighted calculated average) and not the weighted average AFT as was expected for the other coal properties such as the ash content, for example. The ash slagging characteristics is a non-additive property of individual coal sources in the blend and therefore difficult to predict.In general it can be concluded that the unique opportunity exists to increase the AFT, was tested, proven and mechanistically outlined in this study on the coal source fed to the Sasol-Lurgi FBDB gasifiers. The AFT can be increased to >1350 °C by adding AFT increasing minerals or species to the coal blend before it is fed into the gasification process. By increasing the AFT, the direct effect will be that steam consumption can be decreased, which in turn will improve carbon utilization.     

改进干法腈纶纤维颜色的研究

国产干法腈纶纤维“b”颜色值与进口样品有较大差距,根据原料工艺路线、化学反应机理,对影响腈纶纤维尊色变化的原因进行了分析,找出了主要影响纤维颜色的因素,对纤维颜色增深产生在纺丝原液制备过程的若干因素,进行定性和定量分析,解决了干法腈纶纤维“b”颜色值高的问题,提出进一步增加腈纶纤维白度的实用性生产方法。     

Phosphate sorption isotherms in relation to P nutrition of wheat (Triticum aestivum)

The phosphate sorption isotherms are needed to explain differential plant responses to P fertilization in soils. Laboratory and greenhouse experiments investigated the use of phosphorus sorption isotherms in relation to P fertilizer requirement of wheat in ten benchmark soils of Punjab, India. The modified Mitscherlich Equation (3) was used to describe plant response observed in different soils. Maximum obtainable yield (MOY) ranged from 11.6 g pot^–1 in Gurdaspur (I) sandy clay loam to 7.0 g pot^–1 in Nabha sandy clay loam. Response to P applied @ 25 mg P kg^–1 soil was maximum (77%) in Bathinda sand and minimum in Chuharpur clay loam (33%). The response curvature varied from 3.74 × 10^–2 in Nabha sandy clay loam to 4.43 × 10^–2 in Kanjli sandy loam. The soil solution P required to produce optimum yield (90% MOY) varied from 1.61 µg ml^–1 in Bathinda sand to 0.10 µg ml^–1 in Sadhugarh clay. Dry matter yield obtained at 0.2 µg ml^–1 solution P concentration ranged from 55% in Bathinda sand to 85% of MOY in Gurdaspur (II) clay loam. At the same solution P concentration (0.1 µg P ml^–1), dry matter yield was 91% in Sadhugarh clay, 80% in Gurdaspur (II) clay loam and, 43% of MOY in Bathinda sand and eventually coincided with the decreasing maximum buffer capacity (MBC) in these soils. At the same level of sorbed P (100 mg P kg^–1 soil) the yield was observed to be inversely proportional to MBC. The study, therefore, concludes that, soils should be grouped according to their P sorption characteristics and MBC before using critical soil solution P as a criterion for obtaining optimum yields.