污泥膨胀的原因及控制措施

活性污泥法是污水处理采用最普遍的方法,运行中最大的问题是污泥膨胀。分析总结国内外的研究成果,主要介绍污泥膨胀的类型、引起膨胀的原因和控制措施,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

清水混凝土异形柱施工技术

针对清水混凝土异形结构施工难度大的情况,通过工程中清水混凝土异形柱结构的实施,从模板设计、脱模剂的使用、钢筋工程及混凝土配比等方面总结出了一套系统的施工做法,具有一定的指导意义。     

Airborne microbiological characteristics in public buildings of Korea

Characteristics of airborne bacteria and fungi were surveyed in the public buildings regulated in Korea, with the six-stage cascade impactor. The total concentrations of airborne bacteria and fungi were averaged to 404 and 382 cfu m⁻³ in hospital, 931 and 536 cfu m⁻³ in kindergarten, 294 and 334 cfu m⁻³ in elderly welfare facility, and 586 and 371 cfu m⁻³ in postpartum nurse center. Mean respirable concentrations of airborne bacteria and fungi were 194 and 292 cfu m⁻³ in hospital, 358 and 347 cfu m⁻³ in kindergarten, 134 and 266 cfu m⁻³ in elderly welfare facility, and 254 and 289 cfu m⁻³ in postpartum nurse center, respectively. Based on this results, total and respirable concentrations of airborne bacteria and fungi were significantly highest in kindergarten and lowest in elderly welfare facility (p<0.05$p<0.05$). The ratios of indoor and outdoor concentration for airborne bacteria and fungi were below 1.0 in all the investigated public buildings regardless of size distribution. The dominant genera identified in the public buildings were Staphylococcus spp., Micrococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp., and Bacillus spp., for airborne bacteria and Penicillium spp., Cladosporium spp., and Aspergillus spp., for airborne fungi, respectively. Size distributions of airborne bacteria and fungi in terms of the dominant genera were not observed consistently except for Staphylococcus spp., which was detected mainly on the first stage (>7.0 μm) and second stage(4.7–7.0 μm), and Penicillium spp., and Cladosporium spp., showing the highest collection rate at stage 3 (3.3–4.7 μm) regardless of the kind of the public buildings.     

食用油脂膜分离超滤脱胶的研究进展

综述了食用油脂膜分离超滤脱胶的研究进展.分析了超滤脱胶的主要优点,介绍了超滤脱胶的工艺条件和膜材料.展望了超滤脱胶的工业化前景.     

硒化卡拉胶在小麦粉及其制品中的应用研究

以GB 14880-1994中规定的谷物食品强化硒化卡拉胶(硒酸酯多糖)标准下限值的1.1倍(0.154 mg/kg)为基准,设计在小麦粉中分别强化相当于0.154 mg/kg的0.5倍、1倍和1.5倍的硒化卡拉胶稀释预混料,与空白对照组比较,进行了粉质、拉伸等基础分析,并制作了馒头、面条及面包.研究结果表明:在小麦粉中适量强化硒化卡拉胶对面团粉质特性没有明显影响,而对小麦粉拉伸特性有一定的改良影响,面团的粉力和延伸度有随硒化卡拉胶添加量的增加而增加的趋势;在小麦粉中强化硒化卡拉胶后对馒头、面条和面包的色泽、滋味、气味等感官品质及内部质构无不良影响,强化硒化卡拉胶所制作的面包总评价比对照组好.因此,硒化卡拉胶作为营养强化剂在小麦粉及馒头、面条和面包中是适用的.     

白腐菌木素氧化酶系的检测及其漆酶诱导产生的研究

为筛选生长速度快的高产漆酶菌种,通过平板组织分离法在东北林区的4个自然保护区采集、鉴定、分离纯化得到34个大型真菌菌种,其中25个为白腐菌.用丁香醛连氮法、苯胺蓝平板脱色法对获得的菌种进行木素氧化酶系定性测定,结果发现有14个菌种具有漆酶活性.选择其中生长速度快、漆酶活性高的菌种进行了培养方式、诱导剂诱导对漆酶产生的影响,研究发现白耙齿菌、血红密孔菌诱导、静止培养漆酶产生最高峰值分别达到340、480U/mL,明显高于其他3种培养方式,这说明白耙齿菌、血红密孔菌是生长速度快的高产漆酶菌种,且静止培养可代替振荡培养进行漆酶产生、制备等相关的后续工作.     

白腐菌预处理对杨木化学制浆性能的影响

研究了杨木经白腐菌Phellinus Pini预处理前后化学组成的变化;木片腐朽前后扫描电镜分析;预处理对后续KP蒸煮及浆料性能的影响.结果表明,采用该白腐菌预处理半个月的结果优于1个月的.前者蒸煮浆料在与对照浆相近的卡伯值情况下能节省1个百分点的用碱量或缩短30min保温时间,而得率分别提高3.19和4.13个百分点,撕裂指数分别提高17.9%和27.1%;裂断长分别提高19.6%和24.6%;耐破指数分别提高23.5%和32.2%.     

Ultraviolet Radiation Affects Physical and Molecular Properties of Soy Protein Films

Films were cast from heated, alkaline aqueous solutions of soy protein (5 g/100 mL water) and glycerin (50% w/w of protein). Control and ultraviolet (UV) irradiated (13.0, 25.9,38.9, 51.8, 77.8, or 103.7 J/m²) films were evaluated for tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (E), water vapor permeability (WVP), and Hunter L, a, and b color values. TS increased (p<0.05) linearly while E decreased linearly with UV dosage. WVP was not affected (P>0.05) by UV irradiation. UV treatment intensified the yellowish coloration of films (increased +b values). SDS-PAGE patterns for UV-treated samples revealed bands of aggregates, increasing in intensity with UV dosage, which were absent in control samples. These changes suggested UV-induced cross-linking in films.     

黑木耳的保健作用及食用酱的制作

黑木耳是营养丰富和保健价值很高的食用菌,具有抗血小板聚集、抗凝血、抗血栓、调血脂和调节机体免疫等功能。现对黑木耳的药理、化学和临床应用作一综述,并介绍了黑木耳酱的制作和食用方法。     

新疆重瓣榆叶梅花食用色素粗成分等测定

本文以自制新疆重辩榆叶梅花食用色素为实验材料,分别对色素中的灰分、总糖、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、氨基酸总量和有害微量元素As、Ph、Hg和Cu的含量进行了检测。