CPT-Based Probabilistic and Deterministic Assessment of In Situ Seismic Soil Liquefaction Potential

This paper presents a complete methodology for both probabilistic and deterministic assessment of seismic soil liquefaction triggering potential based on the cone penetration test (CPT). A comprehensive worldwide set of CPT-based liquefaction field case histories were compiled and back analyzed, and the data then used to develop probabilistic triggering correlations. Issues investigated in this study include improved normalization of CPT resistance measurements for the influence of effective overburden stress, and adjustment to CPT tip resistance for the potential influence of “thin” liquefiable layers. The effects of soil type and soil character (i.e., “fines” adjustment) for the new correlations are based on a combination of CPT tip and sleeve resistance. To quantify probability for performance-based engineering applications, Bayesian “regression” methods were used, and the uncertainties of all variables comprising both the seismic demand and the liquefaction resistance were estimated and included in the analysis. The resulting correlations were developed using a Bayesian framework and are presented in both probabilistic and deterministic formats. The results are compared to previous probabilistic and deterministic correlations.     

Resistance Factors for Use in Shallow Foundation LRFD

In shallow foundation design, the key improvements offered by LRFD over the traditional working stress design (WSD) are the ability to provide a more consistent level of reliability between different designs and the possibility of accounting for load and resistance uncertainties separately. In the development of LRFD, a framework for the objective, logical assessment of resistance factors is needed. Additionally, in order for LRFD to fulfill its promise for designs with more consistent reliability, the methods used to execute a design must be consistent with the methods assumed in the development of the LRFD factors. In this paper, a methodology for the estimation of soil parameters for use in design equations is proposed that should allow for more statistical consistency in design inputs than is possible in traditional methods. Resistance factors for ultimate bearing capacity are computed using reliability analysis for shallow foundations both in sand and in clay, with input parameters obtained from both the cone penetration test and the standard penetration test, and for both ASCE-7 2000 and AASHTO 1998 load factors. Resistance factor values are dependent upon the values of load factors used. Thus, a method to adjust the resistance factors to account for code-specified load factors is also presented.     

Investigation of the growth dynamics of pulsed laser-deposited RuO2 films using in situ resistance measurement and atomic force microscopy

RuO₂ thin films were grown on (001) LaAlO₃ utilizing the pulsed laser deposition technique. Atomic force microscopy was used to check the topography of films at different growth stages. The in situ resistivity measurement was used to monitor the resistance change during and post film growth with changes of resistivity associated with the change of film growth mode. Transmission electron microscopy was used to reveal film quality and crystalline information. The layer-plus-island Stranski–Krastanov growth mode is proposed according to above results. The ambient O₂ filled during growth is found to be the main oxygen source for the formed RuO₂.     

重构纳米类脂生物膜制备及敏感机理研究

介绍了重构纳米类脂生物膜(r-NLM)的制备,并采用循环伏安法(CV)研究了温度和外加电场对r-NLM膜的影响,采用“相变温度“及“微桥“模型分析了其原因.从离子载体、离子通道的角度,分析了重构纳米类脂生物膜对不同离子的敏感机理.重构纳米类脂生物膜中离子载体型修饰剂,其不同大小的极性空腔能够络合不同半径的离子,并将离子运输到膜的另一边释放,从而实现对离子的传递;而离子通道型修饰剂则可在膜中形成不同直径的跨膜通道,通道开启时,可进行特定离子的选择性跨膜通道传输.     

科学计算可视化及其在相图中的应用研究

科学计算可视化是一种把数据信息转换成可视信息的新兴技术,是分析与理解数据的有力工具。本文介绍了VISC工具和应用状况的基础。提出了一种通过科学计算利用吉布斯最小自由能绘制相图的方法。本方法通过计算来获得体系在某一状态下的准确数据,甚至可以获得体系的内部情况,这是传统的表面重建所不能比拟的。     

Comparison of Sn2.8Ag20In and Sn10Bi10In solders for intermediate-step soldering

We chose Sn−2.8Ag−20In and Sn−10Bi−10In (numbers are in weight percentages unless specified otherwise) as Pb-free solder materials for intermediate-step soldering. We then investigated how the two solders reacted with the under bump metallurgy (UBM) of Au/Ni (Au: 1.5 μm and Ni: 3 μm) at 210°C, 220°C, 230°C, and 240°C for up to 4 min. All, of the Au UBM was dissolved into the solder matrix as soon as the interfacial reaction started. The reaction formed Au(In, Sn)₂ in the case of SnAgIn, and it formed Au(Sn, In)₄ and Au(In, Sn)₂ in the case of SnBiIn. The formation mechanism of the intermetallic phases is explained thermodynamically. The exposed Ni layer reacted with the solder and formed Ni₂₈Sn₅₅In₁₇ in case of SnAgIn, and formed Ni₃(Sn, In)₄ in case of SnBiIn, at the solder joint interface. Under the same soldering conditions, the Ni₃(Sn,In)₄ layer in the SnBiIn/UBM is thicker than the Ni₂₈Sn₅₅In₁₇ layer in the SnAgIn/UBM. Because of the thicker intermetallic compound layer, the SnBiIn solder joint has weaker shear strength than the SnAgIn solder joint.     

MOVPE生成AlGaInAs/InP应变量子阱材料研究

用低压金属有机化学气相沉积(LP-MOCVD)设备生长了AlGaInAs压应变量子阱材料、应变补偿量子阱材料并进行了材料特性的测试,通过二次离子质谱仪(SIMS)的测试讨论了材料中氧含量对材料特性的影响,通过采用高纯原料和纯化载气,生长出了较高质量的AlGaInAs应变量子阱材料氧含量小,光荧光强度大(25mW,PL=0.3),光荧光谱线窄(FWHM=31meV)。     

Preparation of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films from Cu–Se/In–Ga–Se precursors for high-efficiency solar cells

Improved preparation process of a device quality Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) thin film was proposed for production of CIGS solar cells. In–Ga–Se layer were deposited on Mo-coated soda-lime glass, and then the layer was exposed to Cu and Se fluxes to form Cu–Se/In–Ga–Se precursor film at substrate temperature of over 200°C. The precursor film was annealed in Se flux at substrate temperature of over 500°C to obtain high-quality CIGS film. The solar cell with a MgF₂/ITO/ZnO/CdS/CIGS/Mo/glass structure showed an efficiency of 17.5% (V_oc=0.634 V, J_sc=36.4 mA/cm², FF=0.756).     

四气门发动机气缸内气流运动的LDA试验研究

在倒托工况下对四气门发动机气缸内流场进行了实验研究和分析。试验工作是在一台经过改造后的四气门发动机上进行的。采用加长活塞结构及透明活塞顶,利用激光多普勒测速仪（LDA）,分别对气缸轴线以及燃烧 内和气缸上部两条水平直线上的速度分布进行了测量,结果表明：在进气过程中,气缸内产生了双涡结构;在压缩过程初期,由于从进气门流向排气门侧的滚动涡旋逐渐增强,而另一侧的反向涡旋逐渐减弱,形成了单一大尺度的滚动涡流;在压缩过程中后期,滚流经历了加强、衰减、变形和破碎的过程。     

In situ FTIR study on reaction pathways in Ni(CO)4/CH3OK catalytic system for low-temperature methanol synthesis in a liquid medium

An in situ infrared spectroscopic study was conducted to elucidate the reaction pathways for low-temperature methanol synthesis in a catalytic system composed of Ni(CO)₄ and CH₃OK (denoted as Ni(CO)₄/CH₃OK). The reaction was conducted in a liquid medium at 313–333 K with an initial pressure of 3.0 MPa. When CH₃OK was added to Ni(CO)₄ solution at 293 K, different carbonylnickelates, [Ni₅(CO)₁₂]²⁻, [Ni₆(CO)₁₂]²⁻ and [Ni(CO)₃(COOCH₃)]⁻, were immediately formed from Ni(CO)₄. The species and the composition of the carbonylnickel complexes varied with temperature. The variations in concentrations of methanol (MeOH) and methyl formate (MF) during the run, which were determined from their IR absorptions, indicated a pattern characteristic of consecutive reactions with MF as an intermediate. Thus, it was shown that methanol was produced through the carbonylation of MeOH to MF and the subsequent hydrogenation of MF to MeOH. Stable hydridocarbonylnickel anions, [HNi(CO)₃]⁻ and/or [HNi₂(CO)₆]⁻, were observed together with a small amount of Ni(CO)₄ throughout the methanol synthesis. Since Ni(CO)₄ alone showed no activity for the hydrogenation of MF, the hydridocarbonylnickel anions generated in the presence of CH₃OK must be responsible for the reaction. The dual role of CH₃OK in the catalytic system was stated.