基于光纤光栅的钢轨受力状态监测技术研究

钢轨状态监测对列车的安全运营具有重要意义.基于光纤光栅传感技术,采用钢轨三维梁模型对轴向应变、竖向和横向曲率进行测量.与传统一维测量模型相比,该方法可以同时测量钢轨竖、横向曲率和轴向力.通过实验室静态轴向加载试验对比了一维和三维模型,验证了三维模型的有效性与优势.     

The impact of personality traits and professional experience on police officers’ shooting performance under pressure

We explored the impact of professional experience and personality on police officers’ shooting performance under pressure. We recruited: (1) regular officers, (2) officers wanting to join a specialised arrest unit (AU) (expected to possess more stress-resistant traits; pre-AU) and (3) officers from this unit (expected to also possess more professional experience; AU) (all male). In Phase 1, we determined personality traits and experience. In Phase 2, state anxiety, shot accuracy, decision-making (shoot/don’t shoot), movement speed and gaze behaviour were measured while officers performed a shooting test under low and high pressure. Results indicate minimal differences in personality among groups and superior performance of AU officers. Regression analyses showed that state anxiety and shooting performance under high pressure were first predicted by AU experience and second by certain personality traits. Results suggest that although personality traits attenuate the impact of high pressure, it is relevant experience that secures effective performance under pressure.

Practitioner Summary: To obtain information for police selection and training purposes, we let officers who differed in personality and experience execute a shooting test under low and high pressure. Outcomes indicate that experience affected anxiety and performance most strongly, while personality traits of thrill- and adventure-seeking and self-control also had an effect.     

基于Arduino的三维磁记忆检测系统设计及试验研究

利用三轴线性霍尔传感器MLX90393制作磁记忆检测探头,基于Arduino硬件开发平台研制金属磁记忆检测系统,以30CrMo材料试件为试验对象,在静载拉伸作用下开展金属磁记忆试验研究,分析磁记忆信号变化规律以及磁记忆信号梯度值与拉伸载荷之间的变化特征.实验结果表明,拉伸过程中试件表面的磁记忆信号切向分量梯度最大值在拉伸载荷达到16 kN时开始明显变化,在23 kN之后急剧增大到0.0425;法向分量梯度最大值在拉伸载荷达到23 kN之后急剧增大到0.55.本系统为铁磁性材料中应力集中的判定和测量提供了一种有效的检测方法.     

HALT技术在变频器中的应用初探

HALT技术可在产品设计阶段快速消除设计缺陷,缩短研发时间和成本,迅速提高产品的质量和固有可靠性。本文从HALT试验的背景出发,介绍了HALT试验的基本原理和意义。在对HALT箱各方面性能验证的基础上,针对我司11kW变频器,详细讲述了HALT试验的具体操作过程。     

基于Abaqus的汽车发动机罩应力响应分析

利用Abaqus建立某汽车发动机罩的详细模型,对发动机罩的关闭过程进行显式动力学仿真,研究发动机罩大力关闭时的应力响应.通过试验测试发动机罩局部的应变,并与计算结果对比分析.结果表明该方法可准确预测发动机罩关闭时的瞬态应力响应,指导发动机罩的强度耐久设计.     

基于Abaqus的足部有限元分析

通过Engauge软件从CT图像上提取出成年男子足部轮廓数据,根据得到的数据运用SolidWorks建立足部模型,然后利用Abaqus进行应力分析.分析人体站立及承受碾压力时足部受力情况,结果表明:该成年男子站立时最大应力及变形均在跖骨,应力为0.919 MPa,变形为1.19mm;足部承受100 N碾压力时,跖骨的最大应力为2.635 MPa,碾压力为1 000 N时,跖骨的最大应力已达到23.572 MPa.人体足部受到碾压时,跖骨极易出现损伤.     

擦窗机悬挂轨道三维结构有限元分析

为探究某擦窗机悬挂结构的合理性,在AIP中创建其悬挂轨道的三维参数化特征模型,并根据轨道的结构、材料和特定工况受力等边界条件,建立悬挂系统的有限元模型,模拟计算2种有代表性的偏栽荷工况受力情况,得到悬挂轨道的三维应力分布、结构变形和安全因数．根据工程设计要求和初步分析结果,在保持边界条件和载荷条件不变的情况下,快速更新轨道结构参数,并通过比较分析确定塔楼悬挂轨道的最佳断面参数．该轨道及其固定间距、滑车滚轮和导向轮等构件均满足设计安全要求．     

冷却器在瞬态工况下的温度场与热应力分析

针对冷却器在发电厂寿命期内频繁承受热冲击作用而导致设备出现疲劳破坏问题,用ANSYS建立设备管程结构温度场和应力场分析模型,计算瞬变热冲击工况下结构的热应力,并按ASME标准对设备的疲劳强度进行评定.数值仿真结果可明确冷却器裂纹产生的主要原因和部位,为结构的安全性改进提供参考.     

建基岩体开挖前后的声波曲线特性及其成因分析

自然斜坡在形成演化过程中,受区域构造、河谷下切、地壳隆升以及外部营力(如风化卸荷)作用,加之岩体物理力学特性等多种地质环境因素影响,可在岸坡浅表层(由表及里)形成应力释放区、应力调整区和原始地应力稳定区;但在岸坡(建基)岩体人工开挖过程中,由于爆破扰动及岩体瞬间卸荷等影响,以上应力分区将重新波动调整。声波VP作为评价岩体质量优劣的一个重要指标,因具备简便、快速、准确、可靠等特点得到了广泛应用与发展。现就此以前期勘探平硐声波测试及开挖坝面岩体质量单孔声波检测结果为基础,讨论建基岩体开挖前后波速曲线的形态特征以及应力分区分布范围,并分析导致曲线形态的地质原因,以期为坝基开挖及后续声波监测工作等提供一定的科学依据。     

A new approach for the solution of singular optima in truss topology optimization with stress and local buckling constraints

The present paper investigates problems of truss topology optimization under local buckling constraints. A new approach for the solution of singular problems caused by stress and local buckling constraints is proposed. At first, a second order smooth-extended technique is used to make the disjoint feasible domains connect, then the so-called ε-relaxed method is applied to eliminate the singular optima from problem formulation. By means of this approach, the singular optimum of the original problem caused by stress and local buckling constraints can be searched approximately by employing the algorithms developed for sizing optimization problems with high accuracy. Therefore, the numerical problem resulting from stress and local buckling constraints can be solved in an elegant way. The applications of the proposed approach and its effectiveness are illustrated with several numerical examples. Received May 2, 2000