Decay Rate Kinetics of Ozone Gas in Rice Grains

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of ozone on rice grains for the following three conditions: saturation time, decay rate, and half-life of ozone. Experiments were performed in different bed thicknesses (5 and 10 cm) and moisture content (11.4 and 14.2% wb) at atmospheric conditions. The lowest saturation time of ozone was 119 min, with the concentration of 516 ppm for rice grains ozonated at 5-cm bed thickness with 11.4% (wb) moisture content. The decay rate kinetics of ozone obtained were consistent with a first-order model. Regarding the half-life of ozone, the lowest value obtained was 6.78 min for rice grains ozonated at 10-cm bed thickness with 14.2% (wb) moisture content.     

水泥浆失水制约下套管与井眼间隙的研究

通过对水泥浆失水规律的室内试验分析以厦对注水泥顶替过程中水泥浆失水桥堵套管与井眼间隙问题的研究，建立了顶替过程中滤失层不发生水泥浆失水而桥堵环形空间的临界失水量计算模型，提出了调配水泥浆失水性能和确定合理套管井眼间隙的具体方法，对注水泥现场施工和井身结构设计具有一定的指导意义。     

DISPERSION COMPENSATION CFBG IN100km 10Gbit／s RECIRCULATING SYSTEMS

A 10Gbit/s recirculating system is configured with Chirped Fiber Bragg Grating (CFBG) for the dispersion compensation. For the first time, the transmission distance in the loop reaches 1000km with bit error rate of 10-9. The effect of the group delay ripple of the fiber grating is also investigated in the recirculating systems, and it is shown that the transmission distance is limited to 4 cycles (4×167.1km ) in the loop with the power penalty fluctuation below 1.0dB. Thus the group delay ripple should be reduced to allow for the wavelength drift of±5GHz. At the end of this letter, the principles are given for designing long haul recirculating systems with dispersion compensation CFBG.     

Lake Chivero: A management case study

Lake Chivero in Zimbabwe was shown to be hypereutrophic. Historical data showed that the eutrophication process had been arrested in the late 1970s. However, a combination of poor planning, multiplicity of jurisdiction, mismatch between rate of urbanization and waste management investment, recent changes in the local climate and a permissive, immature political system that called for no public accountability resulted in environmental management breakdown leading to hypereutrophication of the lake. The case of Lake Chivero is presented as an example of a wider global issue regarding the status of environmental management in competition with other priorities in emerging democracies.     

渤海湾盆地石油地质储量和产量增长趋势的预测

渤海湾盆地的石油地质储量发现过程具有明显的渐进性、阶段性和长期性，石油产量的增长也具有一定的起伏性，用一个周期的单旋回哈伯特模型难以预测其发展趋势。通过分析渤海湾盆地的勘探开发历程，结合新一轮常规油气资源评价的结果，分别采用4个和3个哈伯特旋回拟合石油地质储量发现和产量增长曲线。预测结果显示，2005-2015年渤海湾盆地处于石油地质储量发现高峰期，2015年左右其石油产量达到高峰，之后处于下降趋势。实践证明，利用多旋回哈伯特模型对具有“多峰”特征的石油地质储量和产量的未来趋势进行预测是一种有效的方法。     

综合高速效应的凝析气藏流入动态

当井底压力低于露点压力时,凝析液在近井地带开始析出并不断聚集产生凝析油堵塞现象。因此,在制定凝析气井工作制度时,通常以控制生产压差为指导思想,往往忽略高速流动下凝析气液相变的非平衡特征。对于凝析气体系,当外界温压变化速度超过凝析气液的相平衡速度时,凝析气体系相变滞后,开始呈现非平衡特征,即凝析液的析出量随着压降速度的增加而减小。凝析气在向井筒流动的过程中,近井区高速流动使凝析气产生非平衡相变,凝析气在比较高的压降速度下流入井筒,使得凝析液来不及析出。在分析非平衡相变规律与近井地带凝析气渗流参数分布的基础上,评价凝析气液流动过程中的非平衡特征,给出了考虑非平衡相变的凝析液饱和度分布计算公式,并进行了产能预测结果对比。实例分析表明,可以通过适当放大生产压差,增加凝析气液相变非平衡特征,减小井筒附近的凝析液饱和度,提高气井产能与气藏开发效果。     

王庄油田粘土矿物转化对储层的影响

王庄油田是水敏性稠油油藏的典型代表，其水敏性在热采过程中的变化直接关系到油田开发方式的选择。针对这一问题，从直接影响水敏性变化的储层粘土矿物入手，在模拟地层环境的基础上通过室内高温高压静态和动态物模实验，并结合X衍射、扫描电镜、元素分析、粒度检测等多种分析测试手段，研究了粘土矿物在100-300℃之间的变化过程，从而找到水敏性的变化规律，进而从机理上解释了渗透率的变化原因，为数值模拟和开发方案制定提供室内研究依据。     

Fast handoff with reducing waste rate approach for wireless resources management in UMTS mobile networks

3G Wideband CDMA systems adopt the Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor code tree as the channelization codes management for achieving high data rate transmission in personal multimedia communications. It assigns a single channelization code for each accepted connection. Nevertheless, it wastes the system capacity when the required rate is not powers of two of the basic rate. One good solution is to assign multiple codes for each accepted connection but it causes two inevitable drawbacks: long handoff delay and new call setup delay due to high complexity of processing with multiple channelization codes, and high cost of using more number of rake combiners. Especially, long handoff delay may result in more call dropping probability and higher Grade of Service, which will degrade significantly the utilization and revenue of the 3G cellular systems. Therefore, we propose herein an adaptive efficient codes determination algorithm based on the Markov Decision Process analysis approach to reduce the waste rate and reassignments significantly while providing fast handoff. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed approach yields several advantages, including the lowest GOS, the least waste rate, and the least number of reassignments. Meanwhile, the optimal number of rake combiners is also analyzed in this paper. This research was supported in part by the National Science Council of Taiwan, ROC, under contract NSC-93-2213-E-324-018.     

Effect of Strain Rate on Discontinuous Flow and Mechanical Characteristics of High-Nitrogenous Steel

Experimental study on the effect of strain rate on discontinuous flow and mechanical characteristics of the high-nitrogenous steel Kh23AG19F has been performed. Within the range of strain rates from 4.62 · 10^-5 to 1.85 · 10 ^-4 s^-1, discontinuous flow, reflected by serration on the tensile diagram, is chiefly determined by intergranular deformation mechanisms. Under strain rates over 1.85 · 10^-2 s^-1, combined deformation modes prevail, which cause a change in the character of discontinuous flow and transform a serrated tensile diagram into a wavy graph, with the yield stress of steel increased significantly.     

能源实时监控与信息管理系统出现的问题及解决的方法

中国石化北京燕化石油化工股份有限公司动力事业部二供水车间电气改造完成后，能源实时监控与信息管理系统出现线路名称不统一、电流互感系数变比不起作用、数据查询功能及统计报表数据的准确性等问题，严重地影响系统的使用。通过对比分析，找到了出现问题的实质，对源代码进行修改，问题得到了解决。同时也成功地解决了其他部门遇到相类似的问题。