膜生物反应器 CCCF 过程中酵母细胞生长特性研究

渗透汽化膜生物反应器CCCF过程乙醇发酵中酵母细胞的生长表现出五个不同的阶段,即：快速生长期、乙醇抑制期、二次生长期、平衡期和衰亡期。采用摇瓶实验对发酵副产物（主要为有机酸和甘油）的抑制行为进行检测,结果表明随着副产物浓度的增加,抑制作用越来越强,细胞生长表现出较长的迟滞期和较低的细胞浓度。当副产物浓度达到膜生物反应器中发酵后期的浓度时,细胞的比生长速率和得率仅分别为0．061和0．024。     

槲皮素芸香糖苷废水处理技术研究

分别采用厌氧-SBR工艺和蒸发浓缩-SBR工艺对槲皮素芸香糖苷(芦丁)废水进行处理。发现经过厌氧—好氧生物处理后,COD由4 300 mg/L降到539 mg/L;而经过蒸发浓缩后COD由4 300 mg/L降到800 mg/L左右,再经过好氧生物处理后能降到50 mg/L以下。因此本文认为芦丁废水的合理处理方法是蒸发浓缩-SBR工艺。     

反吹风玻璃纤维覆膜滤料的研制及应用

通过对膨体过滤布、滤布表面处理技术、ePTFE膜以及覆膜工艺的研究,研制出过滤效率高、运行阻力低的反吹风玻璃纤维覆膜滤料,并对该种滤料的应用进行了实例举证,例证表明反吹风覆膜滤料清灰效果好,使用的反吹风强度较低,大大延长了滤料的使用寿命,降低了产品的运行费用.     

化学需氧量和总磷对猪场废水产磷化氢的影响

以猪场原液和沼液作为研究对象,在遮光密闭的环境中,于厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)内利用钼酸铵分光光度法分别测定单位时间内不同COD和TP浓度下PH3的产生量。结果表明:猪场原液和沼液PH3释放量分别达0.048、0.033 mg/h;COD和TP都能促进磷化氢的产生。     

聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯聚合物锂电隔膜的制备及形貌研究

选择涂敷机刮膜,分别采用两种制膜技术用聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯(PVDFHFP)树脂制备了锂电隔膜,并研究了PVDF-HFP的固含量、制膜温度、制膜方法和溶剂体系对于膜形貌的影响。     

关于石化工程项目埋地生产污水管道防渗的思考和建议

分析了我国石化工程项目中埋地生产污水管道采用HDPE土工膜防渗的必要性、可靠性。指出对于埋地生产污水管道是否需要采取被动的防渗措施,目前只能由环评报告书及其批复意见来确定。同时对相关防渗技术规范提出了一些修改建议,并建议地下水环境敏感地区不可建设石化项目,将埋地生产污水管道与埋地石油类管道区分后可仅采用主动防渗措施。对实际工程设计具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Adsorption‐concentration polarization model for ultrafiltration in mixed matrix membrane

Adsorption has been found to be significant in ultrafiltration by mixed matrix membrane. Removal of very low molecular weight solutes compared to the molecular weight cut off of the membrane is facilitated by adsorption. The modeling of the adsorption coupled with concentration polarization is presented based on the mathematical approach developed by Gekas et al. (Gekas et al. Chem Eng Sci. 1993;48:2753–2765), from the first principles. However, extensive modifications were included in theoretical development including those suggested by Ruiz‐Bevia et al. (Ruiz‐Bevia et al. Chem Eng Sci. 1997;52:2343–2352). The developed model captured the rejection dynamics with the help of retention factor. The model equations were solved under the framework of boundary layer analysis, using the integral approach. Effects of the adsorption isotherm and the different parameters affecting the system performance were also investigated. Further, experimental validation of the model results with two different mixed matrix ultrafiltration studies was also elucidated. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2354–2364, 2014     

Preparation and characterization of ZrO2/PES hybrid ultrafiltration membrane with uniform ZrO2 nanoparticles

In current or next-generation reuse systems, the development of new classes of antifouling membranes is needed before viable membrane-based approaches for wastewater reclamation can be achieved. In this study, ZrO₂/PES hybrid ultrafiltration membranes with uniform ZrO₂ nanoparticles were prepared by combining an ion-exchange process with a traditional immersion precipitation process. Hydrous ZrO₂ sol was synthesized by addition of anion-exchange resin in N,N-dimethylformamide solvent containing zirconyl chloride. Homogeneous ZrO₂/PES casting solution was then obtained by dissolving PES polymer in the ZrO₂ sol. The existence and dispersion states of ZrO₂ nanoparticles in the resultant membrane matrix were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The results indicate that the ZrO₂ nanoparticles were well dispersed throughout the PES matrix and the diameter of the formed nanoparticles was about 5–10 nm. The hydrophilicity of the membranes was determined by measuring the contact angles. The antifouling property was determined by antifouling experiments and atomic force microscopy. The results confirm that the existence of ZrO₂ nanoparticles improves the hydrophilicity and reduces protein adsorption of membranes.     

Study on a new air-gap membrane distillation module for desalination

A new air-gap membrane distillation (AGMD) module for desalination with internal latent-heat-recovery which consisted of parallel hollow fiber membranes and heat exchange hollow fibers was successfully developed. The influences of feed flow rate, feed temperature and feed initial concentration on AGMD process were investigated. The vapor pressure polarization coefficient (η) was introduced to measure the reduction in the effective driving force for mass transfer with regard to the driving force imposed. Among all AGMD experiments, the maximum water vapor permeate flux (J_D) of 5.30 kg/m² h and the gained output ratio (GOR) of 5.70 were obtained. A theoretical model based on the mass and energy balances of the hot feed side was established to calculate the temperature and the local water vapor permeate flux distributions along the hollow fiber membrane, which showed that the temperature drop and local water vapor permeate flux drop were much larger at the upper part than those at the lower part of the membrane module in the hot feed side.     

Partial oxidation of methane in hollow‐fiber membrane reactors based on alkaline‐earth metal‐free CO2‐tolerant oxide

The U‐shaped alkaline‐earth metal‐free CO₂‐stable oxide hollow‐fiber membranes based on (Pr_0.9La_0.1)₂(Ni_0.74Cu_0.21Ga_0.05)O_4+δ (PLNCG) are prepared by a phase‐inversion spinning process and applied successfully in the partial oxidation of methane (POM) to syngas. The effects of temperature, CH₄ concentration and flow rate of the feed air on CH₄ conversion, CO selectivity, H₂/CO ratio, and oxygen permeation flux through the PLNCG hollow‐fiber membrane are investigated in detail. The oxygen permeation flux arrives at approximately 10.5 mL/min cm² and the CO selectivity is higher than 99.5% with a CH₄ conversion of 97.0% and a H₂/CO ratio of 1.8 during 140 h steady operation. The spent hollow‐fiber membrane still maintains a dense microstructure and the Ruddlesden‐Popper K₂NiF₄‐type structure, which indicates that the U‐shaped alkaline‐earth metal‐free CO₂‐tolerant PLNCG hollow‐fiber membrane reactor can be steadily operated for POM to syngas with good performance. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3587–3595, 2014