广西花生品种（系）苗期生长耐旱性及相关生理特性研究

花生苗期生长受干旱影响最大,且干旱是广西花生生产上重要的限制因素。选择广西主推及新育成的花生品种（系）共11个,在人工防雨棚下进行土培盆栽试验,以正常淋水（2d供水1次）为对照,以人工控水（10d供水1次）作为干旱胁迫处理,反复干旱胁迫30d时,测定花生苗期的主茎高尧侧枝长、生物量以及叶绿素、可溶性糖、丙二醛尧脯氨酸含量,计算花生苗期生长生理受抑制程度及生长耐旱隶属函数值。结果表明,在干旱胁迫下,各参试花生品种的主茎高、侧枝长和生物量均受到不同程度的抑制,其中桂花819的生长受抑制程度最轻。从各参试品种苗期耐旱隶属函数值排名可知,桂花819的苗期生长耐旱性最强,其次是桂花红166、桂花21和桂花26;大多数品种的叶绿素、可溶性糖、丙二醛尧脯氨酸含量在干旱胁迫下增加,少数花生品种表现出降低趋势,且苗期耐旱品种桂花819的叶绿素和脯氨酸含量比对照的增加量最大,丙二醛和可溶性糖含量增加量也较大。     

不同储存条件对鹿茸总糖和水溶性蛋白的影响

为探讨鹿茸最佳保存条件,将鹿茸置于常温、冷藏、冷冻和干燥4种条件下,分别测定储存初期、储存40d、3个月和6个月时鹿茸中总糖和水溶性蛋白含量。结果显示,鹿茸储存过程中总糖和水溶性蛋白含量均呈下降趋势。对于鹿茸总糖,储存40d,冷冻条件对总糖保存有利;储存3个月,干燥条件对总糖保存有利;储存6个月,冷冻条件对总糖保存有利。对于鹿茸水溶性蛋白,储存40d,干燥条件对水溶性蛋白保存有利;储存3个月,冷藏条件对水溶性蛋白保存有利;储存6个月,冷冻条件对水溶性蛋白保存有利。从而推断,冷冻储存条件对保存鹿茸有利。     

甜菜链式纸钵苗分离装置参数优化

对甜菜链式纸钵苗自动移栽机的链式纸钵苗分离装置主要参数进行了优化试验研究。介绍了分离装置的结构及工作原理;采用二次正交旋转中心组合优化试验方法,以分离率、钵苗损伤率为目标函数,以钵苗引出速度、分离轮与引出轮速比、分离轮倾斜角度为影响因子,对影响分离装置性能的工作和结构参数组合进行了优化试验研究。结果表明：当引出速度78～93 mm/s、速比6～7、分离轮倾斜角度为13°时,分离率达95%以上,钵苗损伤率小于6%。为甜菜链式纸钵苗分离装置的设计提供了依据。     

干旱胁迫下2种香蕉幼苗叶片和根的主要渗透调节物质的变化

本文研究了不同干旱胁迫下抗旱性不同的帝王蕉和粉蕉幼苗叶片和根系的可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖主要渗透调节物质的含量变化。结果表明：2种香蕉幼苗叶片可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量随着干旱胁迫程度的增加而显著增多;根系可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量并未持续上升,而是重度胁迫低于中度胁迫,但仍高于对照和轻度胁迫。干旱胁迫后,除帝王蕉根系可溶性糖含量外,帝王蕉根系可溶性蛋白质、粉蕉根系可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量在3个胁迫程度下增加幅度均大于叶片增加幅度,且粉蕉较帝王蕉更能适应干旱胁迫环境。本文将为香蕉抗旱品种选育和栽培提供一定的理论依据和实践意义。     

地膜覆盖栽培甜菜的适宜揭膜期

3 年地膜覆盖栽培甜菜不同揭膜期试验结果表明:以5 月30 日和5 月20 日揭膜为适期,根产量与对照比可分别增产12 .3% 、10 .8% , 含糖率分别增糖0 .76 度、1.0 度; 两揭膜期甜菜地上部长势均显著好于其它处理; 不同处理5 ～10cm 地温调查结果看出, 从5 月20 日以后地膜覆盖逐渐失去增温效应。据焉耆的气候、土壤条件,当地地膜覆盖甜菜的适宜揭膜期为5 月20 日～5 月30 日。     

Storage and Remobilization of Soluble Carbohydrates after Heading in Different Plant Parts of a Winter Wheat Cultivar

Abstract

Several types of water soluble carbohydrates (WSG) were traced into plant parts of a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar from heading to physiological maturity. Field grown plants were harvested at intervals of a few days and divided into grain, chaff, leaf blades, leaf sheaths, rachis + peduncle and culm internodes. Leaf blades and sheath showed the peak of WSC contents at about anthesis. Culm internodes accumulated fructan and sucrose during the early grain-filling phase, from a week after anthesis until the milk-ripe stage, then remobilized them during late and final grain filling phases, from the milk-ripe stage until maturity. The amount of sucrose known as short-term storage WSC was higher than fructan known as long-term storage WSC in each internode throughout the grain-filling phase. Chaff showed a large amount of fructan and fructose before anthesis, although it did very little sucrose. A pattern of sucrose accumulation in chaff was very different from that of fructan, unlike the other parts. These patterns of changes in WSC contents in plant organs roughly corresponded with four grain-filling phases, the initial, early, late and final phases.     

微囊藻毒素-LR对生菜非结构性碳水化合物代谢的影响

【目的】研究低质量浓度微囊藻毒素-LR（MC-LR）慢性暴露对生菜（Lactuca sativa）叶片及根系非结构性碳水化合物代谢的影响，为富营养化水体在生菜灌溉中的应用提供理论指导。【方法】以散叶生菜为试验材料，采用土培试验方法，设置不同质量浓度（0（对照组），1，5，10，30 μg/L）MC-LR的水溶液灌溉生菜30 d，通过分析生菜叶片及根系中可溶性糖（葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖）及淀粉含量、蔗糖和淀粉代谢相关酶活性的变化，探讨生菜非结构性碳水化合物代谢对MC-LR慢性暴露的响应。【结果】10和30 μg/L MC-LR组生菜对MC-LR的富集系数较5 μg/L MC-LR组分别显著上升10.85%和17.83%（P＜0.05），而对MC-LR的转运系数分别显著下降17.46%和13.85%（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比，1 μg/L MC-LR组生菜净光合速率显著提高了9.17%（P＜0.05），叶片中果糖含量及根系中葡萄糖含量和淀粉酶（AMS）活性分别显著增加了52.71%，19.13%和37.01%（P＜0.05）；5，10和30 μg/L MC-LR组生菜净光合速率提高，但差异不显著（P＞0.05），叶片和根系中葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖含量均显著增加（P＜0.05），叶片中性转化酶（NI）活性分别显著降低了27.10%，38.01%和37.29%（P＜0.05），淀粉合成酶活性分别显著增加20.92%，24.57%和30.28%（P＜0.05），根系蔗糖合成酶、蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）和AMS活性均显著增加（P＜0.05）。【结论】1 μg/L MC-LR水溶液灌溉对生菜叶片和根系中非结构性碳水化合物的分布和代谢影响较弱；而5～30 μg/L MC-LR水溶液灌溉通过促进生菜根系淀粉分解和蔗糖代谢活性，维持体内较高浓度的可溶性糖，从而提高生菜的抗逆性。     

Effect of soil type on the time-course of changes in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) productivity in Tokachi District,Hokkaido, Japan

Abstract

To clarify the effect of soil type on changes in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) productivity since 1980 in Tokachi District (Hokkaido, Japan), we analyzed yield data from 121 settlements from 1980 to 2002 using maps of parent materials and surface organic matter contents in a geographical information system. The soil types were Brown Lowland soils, Andosols with an alluvial subsoil, Wet Andosols and Andosols. The sugar beet yields were highest in the Andosols and moderate in Andosols with an alluvial subsoil. Yields in Brown Lowland soils in the 1980s were similar to those in Andosols, but decreased below the yields in the Andosols by the 1990s. The yields in Wet Andosols were the lowest in the 1980s, but have been similar to those in Andosols with an alluvial subsoil since 1990. Thus, productivity appears to have varied over time in Brown Lowland soils and Wet Andosols. The correlation coefficients between yields and cumulative daily mean temperature from late April to mid-July since 1990 were highest in the Andosols (r = 0.67), lowest in the Brown Lowland soils (r = 0.50) and intermediate in the other soil types (r = 0.54–0.60). However, the magnitude of the correlation between the yield and the cumulative precipitation since 1990 was lowest in the Andosols (r = –0.22), highest in the Brown Lowland soils (r = –0.58) and intermediate in the other soil types (r = –0.44 to –0.45). These results suggest that the present soil water environment in the Andosols is superior to that in the other soil types.     

Regulation of C/N Interaction in Model Plant Species

Summary

Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolisms are two major metabolic pathways which have been intensively studied in plants. Both N and C metabolisms are tightly linked in numerous plant biochemical pathways. Therefore the C to N ratio has to be carefully regulated to ensure proper functioning of the huge metabolic network. In order to maintain a viable C/N status under a large range of growth conditions plants have evolved complex mechanisms to regulate the delicate network of these two major assimilatory pathways. C and N metabolisms are both highly regulated. We will present the current knowledge on the regulation of N and C metabolisms by sugars and N metabolites. Players involved in these regulatory processes are just starting to be uncovered and possible signaling molecules involved in these regulations as well as known or potential candidate regulatory genes willbe discussed.     

不同栽培措施对温室油桃含糖量的影响试验研究

通过增施钾肥、铺反光膜、限制产量的栽培措施试验，结果表明：不同K肥水平对油桃含糖量影响有显著差异，株施60g钾肥油桃含糖量最高为13．6％；行间铺设反光膜与未铺反光膜对油桃含糖量影响有显著差异，行间铺设反光膜比未铺反光膜油桃含糖量高1．8％；不同产量水平对油桃含糖量影响有显著差异，产量控制在12000kg／hm2时油桃含糖量最高。