WFH – the cornerstone of global development: 45 years of progress

Summary.  The World Federation of Hemophilia (WFH) has been the cornerstone of global development for 45 years. The WFH has identified and optimized the essential elements of a model for the development of a sustainable national care programme. The five elements of the WFH Development Model are integrated and interdependent: ensuring accurate laboratory diagnosis, achieving government support for a national programme, improving the care delivery system, increasing the availability of treatment products and building a strong national patient organization. It can been demonstrated that patient organizations, healthcare providers and the Ministry of Health working together in coalition is essential to achieving sustainable care. Equally important, the provision of care by a multidisciplinary team of trained professionals within a comprehensive care setting is fundamentally important to optimize outcomes. Using data from the WFH Global Survey, it is evident that the WFH Development Model brings about sustainable improvements in care. To support the Model, the WFH has created a vast range of tools, guides and programmes tailored to specific development needs. The Global Alliance for Progress is the preeminent WFH development program. Five years of outcomes data document a narrowing of the care gap between developed and developing nations. To ensure the continued advance towards the WFH vision of Treatment for All, it is vital that global collaboration occur on the research front as well. The WFH is well positioned to meet the challenges ahead and to continue serving as the cornerstone of global collaboration and development.     

Equity in water and sanitation: Developing an index to measure progressive realization of the human right

We developed an index to measure progressive realization for the human right to water and sanitation. While in this study we demonstrate its application to the non-discrimination and equality component for water, the conceptual approach of the index can be used for all the different components of the human right. The index was composed of one structural, one process, and two outcome indicators and is bound between −1 and 1, where negative values indicate regression and positive values indicate progressive realization. For individual structural and process indicators, only discrete values such as −1, −0.5, 0, 0.5, and 1 were allowed. For the outcome indicators, any value between −1 and 1 was possible, and a State's progress was evaluated using rates of change. To create an index that would allow for fair comparisons between States and across time, these rates of change were compared to benchmarked rates, which reflect the maximum rates a State can achieve. Using this approach, we calculated the index score for 56 States in 2010 for which adequate data were available and demonstrated that these index scores were not dependent on factors such as achieved level of coverage or gross national income. The proposed index differs from existing measures of inequality as it measures rate of change and not level of achievement, and thus addresses the principle of progressive realization that is fundamental to human rights.     

心脏震波治疗研究进展

<正>冠心病作为威胁人类健康的主要疾病之一,引起医学工作者及研究者的广泛关注。随着治疗药物及技术的进展,冠心病患者的生存率已明显提高,但同时也有更多患者步入疾病晚期,出现顽固性心绞痛或缺血性心肌病。这部分患者药物治疗效果通常并不理想,并且已没有机会接受介入治疗(PCI)或外科手术(CABG),生活质量严重下降。运动训练、     

慢加急性肝衰竭病因及其病理生理机制研究进展

慢加急性肝衰竭(acute-on-chronic liver failure,ACLF)是国内最常见的肝衰竭类型,其临床表现复杂,病死率极高.ACLF的病理生理学改变目前尚不明确,深入了解ACLF的病理生理学改变有助于临床治疗工作的改善.近年来ACLF的病理生理学研究取得了一定的成就.本文就ACLF的概念、病因及其病理生理学改变作一综述.     

茶多酚抗肿瘤分子机理的国外研究新进展

从信号传导、基因表达、细胞周期和细胞凋亡四个方面综述了近两年来国外对茶多酚抗肿瘤作用研究的新进展。茶多酚通过影响激酶传导通路，抑制细胞外因子表达、转录因子NF-kappaB和激活蛋白-1(AP-1)活化及基因表达起到抗肿瘤之功效，通过活化caspase诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡；通过诱导细胞周期素依赖性蛋白激酶抑制物(cki)表达，抑制细胞周期素(cy-clin)和细胞周期素依赖性蛋白激酶(cdk)表达使细胞周期停滞于某一时期。     

Prognostic Validity of Short-Term Abstinence in Alcoholism

A demonstrated period of abstinence is often viewed as a good prognostic sign in alcoholism. For example, short-term abstinence one factor often considered important as a selection criteria for alcoholics who are being evaluated as liver transplant candidates. However, the prognostic validity of short-term abstinence is unclear. We evaluated the effects of 3 and 6 months of abstinence on readmission rates in a series of 299 alcoholics following discharge from inpatient treatment. Readmission rates were stratified using 3-factor model of alcoholism severity. This 3-factor model defined groups with 1-year readmission rates, ranging from 15.8% to 62.7%. Short-term abstinence did not have strong effects on readmission rates for the most severe alcoholics, nor did short-term abstinence produce clinically significant reduction for readmission rates for the least severe alcoholics. We conclude that short-term abstinence has minimal effect on prognosis for alcoholics with various levels of baseline severity.     

龋病早期诊断方法的进展及评价

本文对龋病早期诊断的重要性、要求、传统诊断方法的优缺点作简要叙述。同时介绍了目前新的诊断方法包括增强肉眼光学检查、龋病的电测定、光纤维透照技术、放射减影、激光荧光检查方法以及定量光导荧光技术并进行评价。     

PD-1/PD-L1免疫检查点抑制剂致心脏毒性的研究进展

心脏毒性是抗肿瘤药物的严重不良反应,随着抗肿瘤药物的不断发展,免疫检查点抑制剂已被应用于多种癌症的治疗,特别是程序性死亡受体1（PD-1）或程序性死亡配体1（PD-L1）免疫检查点抑制剂近年来受到广泛关注,本文将从PD-1及PD-1/PD-L1免疫检查点抑制剂概述、PD-1/PD-L1免疫检查点抑制剂致心脏毒性的表现及可能机制的探索、心脏毒性的检测方法和PD-1/PD-L1所致心脏毒性的治疗等方面进行综述。     

呼吸机压力调节容量控制模式在机械通气中的临床研究进展

近年来呼吸机压力调节容量控制(pressure regulating volume control,PRVC)模式在机械通气中的临床应用日渐广泛,尤其在无创通气中占有重要地位,可减少患者的气管插管或气管切开以及相应的并发症.本文就呼吸机PRVC模式在机械通气中的发展、临床应用、作用机制及疗效预测作一综述.     

复合型脱细胞真皮基质的研究进展

脱细胞真皮基质作为一种良好的组织修补材料,现已在多学科领域得到广泛应用,但单纯脱细胞真皮基质却很难很好的满足多学科领域的不同要求.复合型脱细胞真皮基质是在脱细胞真皮基质结构基础上研发的新型生物材料,具有更加优良的特性,可以更好的满足不同的移植环境.本文对近几年复合型脱细胞真皮基质的研究进展作一综述.