黄芪注射液对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的：探讨黄芪注射液的免疫作用。方法：以黄芪注射液对小鼠S180进行抑瘤实验观察，同时对红细胞免疫功能和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的变化进行检测。结果：黄芪注射液能抑制瘤细胞生长，并对红细胞 红细胞SOD有良好增强作用，能增强红细胞免疫功能，提高SOD的活性。结论：黄芪注射液对荷瘤小鼠红细胞免疫和SOD活性均有增强作用。     

Rapid quantitation of mixed red cell populations using flow cytometry

Methods are described for the identification and quantitation of mixed red cell populations using flow cytometry. Antibodies specific for a wide range of blood group antigens have been used and examples are given in which these analyses have proved to be of clinical use. These examples include monitoring of erythropoiesis following engraftment in allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients and the detection of chimaeric states months or years after transplantation. The techniques involved are fast, simple and inexpensive.     

31P NMR spectra of intact red blood cells: Quantitation of UDPGlucose and UDPGalactose

The combined levels of uridine diphosphogalactose (UDPGal) and uridine diphosphoglucose (UDPGlu) were measured directly by ³¹P NMR spectroscopy in intact fully oxygenated erythrocytes. Quantitative analysis was obtained using a sealed capillary of methylene diphosphonate (MDP) calibrated with standard solutions of UDPGlu and UDPGal of known concentration prepared in KRB/BSA. The combined peaks of UDPGlu and UDPGal were integrated after subtraction of the underlying broad component originating from membrane phospholipids. The average concentration of 27.16 ± 5.18 nmole/ml or 8.08 ± 1.36 μmole/100 g hemoglobin obtained for these metabolites correlated well with their total determined by HPLC of trichloracetic acid (TCA) extracts of the same samples.     

Interdependency of lithium ratio, plasma lithium level and clinical state in patients with affective disorders

The interrelationship between lithium ratio, lithium plasma level and the different clinical phases of 31 patients with bipolar affective disorder has been investigated. the interdependency of these variables was followed longitudinally during different phases of the illness while under lithium therapy. Although positive correlations between lithium ratio and lithium plasma levels were evident, the lithium ratio values in the euthymic group were significantly higher than those in the manic and depressive groups, independently of the plasma lithium level. Our data suggested that RBC/plasma lithium ratio might be a sensitive state dependent index in affective bipolar illness.     

脑梗塞患者红细胞膜脂代谢与膜流动性,变形性关系的研究

目的研究急性脑梗塞患者及健康人红细胞膜脂质含量、红细胞膜流动性及红细胞变形性。方法采用Ｌｏｗｒｙ法进行红细胞膜蛋白定量，Ｐａｒｅｋｈ法测定膜胆固醇，Ｌｉｎｄｂｅｒｇ法测定膜磷脂，Ａｏｚａｋｉ法测定红细胞膜流动性，ＢＬ８８－Ｃ激光衍射仪测定红细胞变形性。结果急性脑梗塞患者红细胞膜胆固醇增高，膜胆固醇与膜磷脂之比上升，膜流动性减低，红细胞变形性下降。结论膜成分的异常影响膜功能是脑梗塞发病的重要病理基础，临床上积极对血液成分进行调控，对预防和治疗脑梗塞有一定的实际意义。     

“补天”中药静脉制剂对急性贫血大鼠红细胞免疫功能影响的观察

[目的]完成以"当归补血汤"为主要方药的"补天"中药静脉制剂的纯化与精制,并证明该制剂对急性贫血大鼠红细胞免疫功能有增强的作用.[方法]中药制备按照静脉制剂方法进行,并采用高效液相法对主要成分进行质控,将精制中药对急性贫血大鼠进行实验性治疗,并测定红细胞数及RBC-C3B,RBC-ICR.[结果]发现"补天"静脉制剂可以增快红细胞增长速度,加速贫血的纠正,并可以提高红细胞的免疫黏附功能.[结论]"补天"中药制剂可以增加急性贫血大鼠部分红细胞免疫功能.     

Clearance of red cells by monoclonal IgG3 anti-D in vivo is affected by the VF polymorphism of Fcgamma RIIIa (CD16)

Human red cells (RBC) coated with IgG anti-D are cleared from the circulation to the spleen by macrophages which express IgG receptors (Fcgamma R). Polymorphisms of Fcgamma RIIa and Fcgamma RIIIa affect IgG binding in vitro, and may alter the efficiency of clearance of immune complexes in vivo. In a RBC clearance study, 22 Rh D-negative subjects were given 100-400 micro g human monoclonal or polyclonal IgG anti-D i.m. followed 48 h later by 51Cr-labelled D+ RBC. The half lives of the infused D+ RBC were determined, together with the coating levels of anti-D on the D+ RBC. Fcgamma RIIA and FcgammaRIIIA genotyping was performed. Large ranges of phagocytosis and extracellular lysis of RBC in vitro, and of half lives of RBC in vivo, were observed. Clearance of RBC coated with monoclonal IgG3 anti-D (BRAD-3) was more rapid in five subjects homozygous for Fcgamma RIIIa-F/F158 than in three subjects expressing the Fcgamma RIIIa-V158 allele (P = 0.024). This effect was not observed, however, for those individuals given polyclonal anti-D. There was also no significant difference in the efficiency of RBC destruction in vitro or of RBC clearance in vivo between the subjects analysed for individual genotypes or alleles or combinations of alleles. In conclusion, the presence of the Fcgamma RIIIa-V158 allele compromised the efficiency of removal of RBC coated with IgG3 anti-D.     

Impairment of blood rheology by cholestatic jaundice in human beings

Bilirubin and bile acids may affect erythrocytes. We investigated blood viscosity and erythrocyte structure in patients with cholestatic jaundice ex vivo and studied the short-term effects of bilirubin and bile acids in vitro. Seventeen patients with cholestatic jaundice and controls were studied. Whole-blood viscosity (adjusted hematocrit 45%) at high (94.5 sec(-1)) and low (0.1 sec(-1)) shear rate and plasma viscosity were measured. Erythrocyte structure was assessed in wet preparations of fixed cells. In vitro whole blood was incubated with increasing concentrations of bilirubin (83% conjugated) and bile acids (cholic, lithocholic, deoxycholic, and chenodeoxycholic acid) and the abovementioned investigations were performed. In patients we observed increased whole-blood viscosity at high shear rate (5.82 +/- 0.69 vs 5.04+/- 0.27 mPa. sec, P =.0001), plasma viscosity (1.48 +/- 0.22 vs. 1.23 +/- 0.07 mPa. sec, P =.0004), and fibrinogen level (4.70 +/- 0.98 g/L vs 2.63 +/- 0.21 g/L, P < 0.001) were observed. The incubation of normal erythrocytes in patients' plasma confirmed an increase in blood viscosity at high shear rate. Erythrocytes from patients with jaundice demonstrated a slight degree of stomatocytic shape transformation (P <.0001). In vitro, bilirubin did not affect erythrocyte shape. Cholic and lithocholic acids caused a slight stomatocytic shape transformation, whereas deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid influenced neither blood viscosity nor erythrocyte structure. Patients with cholestatic jaundice have increased whole-blood and plasma viscosity and slightly altered red blood cell shape, possibly the result of a combination of increased levels of bilirubin and bile acids plus an acute-phase reaction.     

Irradiation of platelet components: inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation assessed by limiting-dilution analysis

BACKGROUND: Using a limiting-dilution analysis (LDA) assay that measures clonigenic T cells, it has been demonstrated that, with 2500 cGy, there is no T-cell growth in red cell components irradiated in blood bags. In the current study, the LDA assay was used to investigate the effect of gamma radiation on the proliferative capacity of T cells in plateletpheresis components. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Platelets were collected by using an apheresis instrument and settings that provided sufficient mononuclear cells for the LDA assay. Platelet components (n = 8) were irradiated in 1-L plastic bags 24 hours after collection with 500, 1500, and 2500 cGy of gamma radiation in a stepwise manner. Mononuclear cells were isolated after each irradiation dose by the use of ficoll-hypaque. A density separation medium was used to reduce the platelet numbers. T cells were enumerated by fluorescence-activated cell sorter and functionally assessed by LDA assay, which quantified T cells proliferating in the presence of polyclonal stimuli and cytokines. The frequency of T-cell growth (f) was visually scored after 4 weeks of incubation at 37 degrees C. Data were calculated as f(experimental)/f(control) and expressed as log(10) reduction. RESULTS: The T-cell content of the mononuclear cell population was 17 +/- 10.5 percent, which was unaltered by irradiation. After 500-cGy irradiation, functional T cells were reduced by 2.09 log(10). Irradiation with 1500 cGy resulted in a 3. 96 log(10) reduction, but viable clonable T cells were detected in all experiments. With 2500-cGy irradiation, no T-cell growth was detected; this represented a greater than 4.86 log(10) reduction. CONCLUSION: As the dose of gamma radiation delivered to plateletpheresis components increased, the number of residual functional T cells decreased exponentially. Irradiation with 2500 cGy inactivates T cells in apheresis platelets, as measured by an LDA assay.     

Semi-automated flow cytometric analysis of CD34-expressing hematopoietic cells in peripheral blood progenitor cell apheresis products

BACKGROUND: The measurement of CD34+ cells is the most important step in the quality control of peripheral blood progenitor cell apheresis products. For this purpose, flow cytometry is applied. Recently, a new test kit has been introduced for the enumeration of CD34-expressing cells, in combination with software support for semi-automation of data acquisition and analysis. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This study evaluated the ProCOUNT kit. Ninety samples obtained from peripheral blood progenitor cell apheresis products from 39 patients with hemato-oncologic diseases were analyzed. For data acquisition and analysis, ProCOUNT software was used. Data comparison was performed with parallel measurements according to the International Society for Hematotherapy and Graft Engineering (ISHAGE) guidelines and the German reference protocol for analysis of CD34-expressing cells. RESULTS: Correlation of the German and ISHAGE techniques was excellent (r2 = 0.99). The initial correlation coefficient of ProCOUNT analysis with the German protocol was r2 = 0.89. In 21 (23.3%) of 90 ProCOUNT analyses, a warning message was encountered from the ProCOUNT software. Following manual reevaluation of these data with CellQUEST software, a correlation of r2 = 0.96 with the German protocol and r2 = 0.97 with the ISHAGE analyses was obtained. ANOVA testing revealed significant differences between ProCOUNT and ISHAGE techniques (p<0.05) and between ProCOUNT and the German protocol (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference between ISHAGE and German protocol was observed (p = 0.19). CONCLUSION: The ProCOUNT kit and software for semi-automated data acquisition and analysis represents a further step toward standardization of CD34 cell quantitation in peripheral blood progenitor cell apheresis products. However, the occurrence of software warnings is high, and analysis or data reevaluation by experienced staff is still mandatory. Therefore, currently there is no definite advantage of the kit and software over the existing guidelines for CD34+ analysis in peripheral blood progenitor cell grafts.