The Synthesis of Covalent Triazine-Based Frameworks via Friedel–Crafts Reactions of Cyanuric Chloride with Thienyl and Carbazolyl Derivatives for Fluorescence Sensing to Picric Acid,Iodine and Capturing Iodine

A multifunctional thiophene-based covalent triazine framework (TTPATTh) with triphenylamine as core is synthesized by Friedel–Crafts reaction of cyanuric chloride with thienyl derivative for the first time. The yield of TTPATTh (99.59%) is far higher than that of the carbazole-based CTF (TTPATCz, 47.03%). TTPATTh and TTPATCz possess high BET surface areas with 1235 and 2501 m² g^–1 as well as high pore volumes with 1.60 and 2.23 cm³ g^–1, respectively. TTPATTh and TTPATCz have high thermal stability with high thermal decomposition temperatures of 514 and 598 °C in nitrogen atmosphere. With the introduction of triazine rings, the fluorescence sensing sensitivities of TTPATTh and TTPATCz to picric acid and iodine are improved significantly. Especially for TTPATTh, the K_sv values reach 5.95 × 10⁵ and 1.61 × 10⁴ L mol^–1, and LODs reach 1.02 × 10^–12 and 1.86 × 10^–12 mol L^–1. To the best of the knowledge, this is the most sensitive value among thiophene-based porous organic polymers to PA and I₂. Furthermore, TTPATTh and TTPATCz can also adsorb iodine in vapor phase, cyclohexane solution and aqueous solution, and release iodine by heating or in ethanol solution. The efficiency of controlling the release of iodine is higher than that in ethanol.     

（C5H7N2O2）4（SiMo12O40）的合成、结构及催化氧化碘离子研究

采用常规水溶液法合成了一种新型的有机-无机杂化多金属氧酸盐（C₅H₇N₂O₂）₄（SiMo₁₂O₄₀）（简称SiMo-12）。采用红外光谱（IR）、热重分析（TG）、单晶和粉末X射线衍射（XRD）、元素分析等对SiMo-12进行了表征。以过氧化氢为氧化剂,运用SiMo-12催化碘离子氧化,考察了催化剂用量、氧化剂用量、pH、温度等因素对反应速率的影响。结果表明：该化合物属三斜晶系,P-1空间群,晶胞参数a=1.097 58（4） nm、b=1.144 88（4） nm、c=1.252 66（4） nm、α=64.665（1）°、β=64.804（1）°、γ=83.441（1）°、V=1.282 89（8） nm³、Z=1、R=0.034 0、wR₂=0.079 9。化合物由4个1-咪唑乙酸和一个经典的Keggin型[SiMo₁₂O₄₀]^4-单元组成,有机配体和多金属氧酸阴离子之间通过静电作用、质子转移以及氢键作用沿x轴形成一维链,链与链之间相互平行形成平行于xy面的二维层,层与层之间再通过氢键连接而得到三维网状结构。SiMo-12在催化碘离子氧化中表现出较为优异的催化活性,在c（SiMo-12）=2.0×10^-4 mol/L、c（过氧化氢）=2.0×10^-3 mol/L、pH=1.4、50 ℃条件下反应速率达到2.641 6×10^-5 mol/（L·s）,比未加催化剂时的反应速率提高了1 565倍。     

多齿差摆线泵滑动系数的研究

根据齿轮的啮合原理及传动中各位置矢量和速度矢量之间的关系,导出了多齿差摆线齿轮传动中各速度和齿面滑动系数的矢量计算式;并结合实例进行了运动速度和滑动系数的计算和曲线绘制,分析了齿廓的相对滑动速度和滑动系数的变化规律,为正确设计多齿差摆线齿轮提供了理论依据。     

Rapid and direct lodine value and saponification number determination of fats and oils by attenuated total reflectance/fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

A simple, rapid and reproducible method of determining the iodine value (IV) and saponification number (SN) for fats and oils was developed with an attenuated total reflectance/Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and commercially available triglycerides as calibration standards. Partial least squares was used to determine the spectral regions correlating with the known chemical IV and SN values, and the calibration set was augmented with additional standards generated by spectral co-adding techniques. The calibration model obtained was used to analyze commercially available fats and oils with a wide range of IV and SN values, and the results were compared to the values obtained by American Oil Chemists’ Society methods. With the spectrometer calibrated and programmed, IV and SN results could be obtained within 2–3 min per sample, a major improvement over conventional wet chemical methods.     

Collaborative test of determination of iodine value in fish oils. 1. Reaction time and carbon tetrachloride or cyclohexane as solvents

Twenty-two laboratories participated in a collaborative test to determine the iodine value (IV) of eight samples of fish oil (four with IV<150, four with IV>150) with either carbon tetrachloride (AOCS Official Method Cd 1–25) or cyclohexane (AOCS Recommended Practice Cd 1b-87) as solvent and either 1 or 2 h of reaction time. Laboratories received coded duplicate samples (hidden duplicates) and carried out duplicate determinations on each oil by each solvent-time combination (open duplicates). Replacing carbon tetrachloride with cyclohexane resulted in a lower IV (P<0.001). The decrease averaged 1.6 IV units for low-IV oils and 3.8 IV units for high-IV oils; this difference in response of 2.2 IV units between low- and high-IV oils was significant (P<0.001). Increasing the reaction time had a relatively small effect (0.34±0.18). There was no interaction of reaction time with solvent or oil type. Cyclohexane caused emulsions, which made it difficult to titrate residual iodine and thus increased the variability of the determination. The repeatability standard deviations (s _r ), based on hidden duplicates, for 1-h reaction time with carbon tetrachloride and cyclohexane were 2.17 and 3.35, respectively. The corresponding reproducibility standard deviations were 2.73 and 4.53.     

叔丁基过氧化物在柴油中的应用

将叔丁基过氧化物对催化柴油十六烷值的改进效果进行了试验，结果表明，在叔丁基过氧化物添加量为0．1％（质量分数）时，可以提高催化柴油的十六烷值5－8个单位；这些叔丁基过氧化物提高十六烷值的福度与催化柴油的自身组成有很大关系。评价结果表明，柴油中芳烃含量较高，烷烃含量较低，叔丁基过氧化物的效果则较好；在柴油燃烧过程中，叔丁基过氧化物促进芳烃的氧化过程比促进烷烃的氧化过程更强一些。     

Physical properties of oleochemical carbonates

Carbonates are a class of compounds that have recently found increasing interest in commercial applications owing to their physical properties and relatively straightforward synthesis. In this work, physical and fuel properties of five straight-chain C_17–39 and three branched C_17–33 oleochemical carbonates were investigated. These properties included cetane number (CN), low-temperature properties, (kinematic) viscosity, lubricity, and surface tension. The carbonates studied had CN ranging from 47 to 107 depending on carbon chain length and branching. For the same number of carbons, the CN of carbonates were lower than those of FA alkyl esters owing to interruption of the CH₂ chain by the carbonate moiety. Kinematic viscosities at 40°C ranged from 4.9 to 22.6 mm²/s whereas m.p. ranged from +3 to below −50°C depending on the carbonate structure. High-frequency reciprocating rig testing showed the neat carbonates to have acceptable lubricity that improved as chain length increased. Finally, the carbonate's ability to influence cold-flow properties in biodiesel (methyl soyate) and lubricity in low-lubricity ultra-low sulfur diesel were examined. The carbonates studied did not significantly affect cold flow or lubricity properties at concentrations up to 10,000 ppm (1 wt%). The properties of the carbonates resemble those of fatty alkyl esters with similar trends resulting from compound structure.     

水质深度处理用活性炭的选择问题

该文从活性炭吸附容量及吸附速度与粒度的关系，以及吸附容量的条件出发，验证了活性炭的粒度与吸附水中有机物的负相关关系；碘值与亚甲蓝值之和与水处理的动态吸附容量的相关关系，从而指出在评价活性炭的吸附性能时，需要考虑其粒度对有机物去除的影响；要用碘值及亚甲蓝值之和，而不是将它们分开去评价活性炭吸附水中有机物的相关性。     

Fatty acid variation among U.S. Runner-type peanut cultivars

Fatty acid composition was determined among seven U.S. runner-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars: Florunner, Sunrunner, GK-7, Southern Runner, Sunbelt Runner, Okrun, and Langley. Significant year and cultivar differences were found within these fatty acid profiles. Southern Runner had the best oleic to linoleic ratio and iodine values; whereas Florunner, Sunrunner, and Langley were the highest in unsaturated and lowest in saturated and long-chain fatty acids. For the future, breeding programs need to continue developing peanut cultivars with improved oil quality.     

PRAND: GPU accelerated parallel random number generation library: Using most reliable algorithms and applying parallelism of modern GPUs and CPUs

The library PRAND for pseudorandom number generation for modern CPUs and GPUs is presented. It contains both single-threaded and multi-threaded realizations of a number of modern and most reliable generators recently proposed and studied in Barash (2011), Matsumoto and Tishimura (1998), L’Ecuyer (1999,1999), Barash and Shchur (2006) and the efficient SIMD realizations proposed in Barash and Shchur (2011). One of the useful features for using PRAND in parallel simulations is the ability to initialize up to 10¹⁹${10}^{19}$ independent streams. Using massive parallelism of modern GPUs and SIMD parallelism of modern CPUs substantially improves performance of the generators.