Gravity optimised particle filter for hand tracking

This paper presents a gravity optimised particle filter (GOPF) where the magnitude of the gravitational force for every particle is proportional to its weight. GOPF attracts nearby particles and replicates new particles as if moving the particles towards the peak of the likelihood distribution, improving the sampling efficiency. GOPF is incorporated into a technique for hand features tracking. A fast approach to hand features detection and labelling using convexity defects is also presented. Experimental results show that GOPF outperforms the standard particle filter and its variants, as well as state-of-the-art CamShift guided particle filter using a significantly reduced number of particles.     

Assessment of the relative agronomic effectiveness of phosphate rocks under glasshouse conditions

Six phosphate rocks (PRs) of varying reactivities were compared with monocalcium phosphate (MCP) in a glasshouse experiment growing perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Nui) as the test plant on four soils of contrasting P sorption capacity and exchangeable Ca. The cumulative dry matter yield over 10 harvests showed a significant response to P application in all soils. Based on relative yield and P uptake, MCP was the most effective P fertilizer followed by the reactive phosphate rocks, which were superior to the unreactive rocks in all soils. The relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE) and substitution ratio (SR) of individual PR fertilizers, calculated with respect to MCP using the methods of vertical and horizontal comparison, respectively, were similar over a range of fertilizer rate. There was a decline or slight increase in the performance of PRs with time in the low P sorption soils but a consistent increase in the high P sorption soils. Some initial influence of exchangeable Ca content of the soils on the relative performance of PRs was also observed. Generally the PRs performed better in high P sorption soils than low P sorption soils and in low exchangeable Ca soils than high exchangeable Ca soils.     

Development and evaluation of an improved soil test for phosphorus: 1. The influence of phosphorus fertilizer solubility and soil properties on the extractability of soil P

The objective of this work was to develop and evaluate a soil test suitable for estimating the phosphorus status of soils whether they were fertilized with soluble or sparingly soluble P fertilizers or both. Four New Zealand soils of contrasting P sorption capacity and exchangeable Ca content were incubated alone or with monocalcium phosphate (MCP), reactive North Carolina (NC) phosphate rock or unreactive Florida (FRD) rock, at 240 mg P kg^–1 soil, to allow the P sources of different solubilities to react with each soil and provide soil samples containing different amounts of extractable P, Ca and residual phosphate rock. The phosphorus in the incubated soils was fractionated into alkali soluble and acid soluble P fractions using a sequential extraction procedure to assess the extent of phosphate rock dissolution. Eight soil P tests [three moderately alkaline — Olsen (0.5M NaHCO₃) modified Olsen (pretreatment with 1M NaCl) and Colwell; three acid tests — Bray 1, modified Bray 1 and Truog; and two resin tests — bicarbonate anion exchange resin (AER) and combined AER plus sodium cation exchange resin (CER)] were assessed in their ability to extract P from the incubated soils.The 0.5M NaHCO₃ based alkaline tests could not differentiate between the Control and FRD treatments in any soil nor between the Control, NC and FRD treatments in the high P sorption soils. The acid extractants appeared to be affected by the P sorption capacity of the soil probably because of reabsorption of dissolved P in the acid medium. The AER test gave results similar to Olsen. Only the combined AER + CER test extracted P in amounts related to the solubility of the P sources incubated with each soil. Furthermore, when soil samples were spiked with FRD and NC and extracted immediately, the P extracted by the AER + CER test, over and above the control soils, increased with the amount and chemical reactivity of the rocks. There was no extraction of rock P by any of the alkaline extractions.Increases in the amounts of P extracted (P) by each soil test from the fertilized soils, over and above the control soils were compared with the amounts ofP dissolved from the fertilizers during incubation (measured by P fractionation). Soil P sorption capacity had least influence on the amounts of P extracted by the AER + CER and Colwell tests. However, the Colwell test was unable to differentiate between all P sources in all four soils and suffered from the disadvantage of producing coloured extracts. The AER + CER test appeared to have the potential to assess the available P status of soils better than the other tests used because of its ability to extract a representative portion of residual PR (in accordance with the amount and reactivity) and dissolved P, and thus to differentiate between fertilizer treatments in all four soils.     

基于分形理论的坝基裂隙岩体注灰量与导水率关系研究

由于天然岩体裂隙分布的隐蔽性和不确定性,很难准确评价天然裂隙岩体的渗透性和可灌性。离散裂隙网络作为描述天然裂隙网络的有力工具,能在一定程度上反应裂隙岩体的某些特征,但都是基于统计意义上的概率分布,无法反应裂隙网络参数的内部联系以及微观特征。Mandelbrot提出的分形几何是描述不规则物体的重要工具,研究发现裂隙网络中的裂隙迹长分布服从分形特征,很多学者利用这一理论对裂隙网络的渗透性进行了研究,推导了裂隙网络渗透系数的表达式。然而缺乏裂隙网络的可灌性和灌浆量的研究。本文首先利用裂隙网络的分形特征和裂隙迹长与隙宽的关系,建立了裂隙岩体导水率的分形模型,推导了裂隙岩体导水率与分形维数的关系表达式,并与已有研究结果进行了对比,证实了该关系式的可靠性。其次,分析了裂隙岩体灌浆注灰量与分形维数的关系,进而推导了注灰量与导水率的关系式,根据注灰量与导水率的关系曲线对灌浆区域的划分,定义了3个不同的灌浆区域:正常区域、微小裂隙区域和扩展区域,分别对应于正常灌浆、微小裂隙较多和裂隙扩展变形这3种不同的灌浆状态。最后,通过与工程实测数据的对比,证实了本文注灰量与导水率关系式的可靠性和适用性,也说明了3个灌浆区域的划分是合理并且重要的。因此,该关系式和灌浆区域的划分可以用来预测和评价实际工程灌浆施工的合理性和可灌性。     

基础影响下车载飞轮电池动态性能的联合仿真分析

以车载飞轮电池为研究对象,利用ADAMS软件建立了飞轮转子与等效基础的机械模型,并利用MATLAB软件建立了相应的不完全微分PID控制器模型.通过联合仿真分析了基础的加速、减速、转弯和爬坡运动,以及因路面不平整引起的基础纵向振动、横向振动和俯仰振动对高速飞轮转子系统动态性能的影响.仿真结果表明,基础的不同运动状态均会对高速飞轮转子的稳定运行产生显著影响,仿真分析结果可对车载飞轮电池的设计提供有益参考.     

中国南方岩溶区岩溶地下河系统复杂水流运动特征

岩溶地下河系统水流运动多受控于岩溶多重介质环境,其主干空间展布、水体贮存、水流运动、水循环等规律的变化具多因多果性。在中国南方岩溶区岩溶地下河系统物质和能量转换的基础上,分析了其形成和演化等相关条件,研究和总结了其水流运动方向的多重性、速度的多变性、地表地下方式的转化性、时空配置的多样性及水流运动演变规律;根据维数、压力、流态等不同原则,将中国南方岩溶地下河系统水流运动方式进行分类。结合中国南方岩溶地下河系统研究现状,提出今后需加强与实践的重点。     

科学发展观与国际共产主义运动

分析和论述了科学发展观的提出与形成过程,从"只有坚持科学发展,才能全面彰显执政能力;只有坚持以人为本,才能巩固执政基础;只有坚持全面、协调、可持续发展,才能体现社会主义制度的活力和生命力;只有坚持统筹兼顾,才能体现社会公平,最终实现共同富裕"4个方面,阐述了科学发展观对国际共产主义运动的新贡献。     

济阳坳陷沙河街组和孔店组烃源岩地球化学特征

对济阳坳陷沙河街组各个层段的有机质丰度、有机质类型和有机质成熟度进行研究。结果表明：沙三段有机碳含量最高,显示出该段烃源岩品质最好,沙四段次之,孔店组有机碳含量最低,其烃源岩品质最差;沙三、沙四段烃源岩以Ⅰ型干酪根为主,含有少量的Ⅱ型干酪根,孔店组以Ⅲ型干酪根为主;在有机质成熟度方面沙三段、沙四段到孔店组成熟度逐渐增高...     

运载火箭六自由度仿真平台搭建与应用

研究运载火箭六自由度仿真系统设计问题,在传统火箭六自由度仿真平台设计中常以特定任务为导向,造成仿真系统碎片化严重,扩展重用性不足.同时,数值仿真与视景仿真的交互中存在实时驱动的问题.针对上述问题,采用面向对象的模块化设计方法,建立了运载火箭六自由度仿真模型,给出了三层结构的通用仿真框架.设计了仿真消息管理器,较好地解决了数值仿真与视景仿真的集成并保证了系统的实时性.仿真结果验证了模型建立的准确性以及仿真平台的可靠性和稳定性.仿真结果对于运载火箭设计和性能评估系统的建立有着良好的借鉴意义.     

基于ROC曲线的镜片舒适度眼动指标研究

基于眼动仪检测到的受试者眼动数据,提出一项新的眼动指标——眼睑间距变动百分比,并对比传统的眼跳次数、瞳孔直径等眼动指标,经过显著性和相关性分析后,最后利用受试者特征曲线（Receiver operating characteristic,ROC）曲线评价每个眼动指标对镜片舒适度的判别性能。实验结果表明,本文提出的眼睑间距变动百分比反映镜片舒适度的性能最好,瞳孔直径次之,眼跳次数和平均注视时长相仿。本实验结果证明可以通过检测患者的眼睑间距变动百分比,来准确快速地判断镜片的舒适程度。这项研究成果能帮助相关从业者从更加客观的角度评价镜片的舒适程度,也为中国当前日益严峻的近视防控形势提供了一定的技术理论帮助。