Host odor and visual stimulus interaction during intratree host finding behavior ofRhagoletis pomonella flies

Responses ofRhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae) flies to host fruit visual stimuli (apples or models of apples) and chemical stimuli (synthetic apple volatile blend) were studied in semidwarf field-caged apple trees. Three different fruit or model densities (1, 4, or 16 fruit or models/ tree) and two odor release rates [ca. 0.7g/hr (close to the natural release rate of a ripe apple) and ca. 500g/hr (amount of odor released by commercially sold apple maggot traps)] were tested. Individually released flies were followed as they moved within a tree for a maximum of 20 min. We recorded three-dimensional search paths followed by foraging flies and computed such variables as total relative distance traveled before alighting on a fruit or model, track length between individual alightment sites, and directness of flight to fruits or models. Effect of odor on propensity to alight on fruit or models and host-searching behavior prior to alighting on fruit or on models varied according to fruit or model color and density. If the fruit visual stimulus was strong (e.g., red color), odor did not increase the probability of finding fruit or fruit models. As the visual stimulus became progressively weaker (red to green to clear), odor (irrespective of concentration) appeared to aid flies during the fruit-finding process. As density of fruit or models increased, the probability of flies finding a fruit or model also increased (e.g., 50% of flies found a red fruit model at 1 model/tree while 90% found a red model at 16 models/tree; 4% of flies found a clear model with odor at 1 model/tree while 35% found a clear model with odor at 16 models/tree). Findings reported elsewhere indicate thatR. pomonella flies are able to discover a point source of odor (an odor-bearing tree in a patch of trees) by flying upwind (in the tree patch) in response to intermittent exposure to odor. Findings here indicate that after arrival on a host tree (point source), flies discover individual apparent and abundant host fruit on the basis of vision. If fruit are less apparent or scarce, odor appears to interact with vision during the fruit-finding process.     

Measuring individual corrective reaction time using the intermittent illumination model

The corrective reaction time (t_cr) is an essential motor property when modelling hand control movements. Many studies designed experiments to estimate t_cr, but reported only group means with inconsistent definitions. This study proposes an alternative methodology using Drury's (1994) intermittent illumination model. A total of 24 participants performed circular tracking movements under five levels of visual information delay using a modified monitor in a darkened room. Measured movement speeds and the manipulated delays were used with the model to estimate t_cr of individuals and test effects of gender and path width. The results showed excellent model fits and demonstrated individual differences of t_cr, which was 273 ms on average and ranged from 87 to 441 ms. The wide range of t_cr values was due to significant effects of gender and path width. Male participants required shorter t_cr compared to female participants, especially for narrow path widths.     

基于运动相关皮层电位握力运动模式识别研究

面向基于脑-机接口（Brain-computer interface,BCI）的脑-机交互控制（Brain-machine interaction control,BMIC）——直接脑控机器人,提出一种新的左、右手握力运动参数范式,在该范式下探索左、右手握力运动相关皮层电位/运动相关电位（Movement-related potentials,MRPs）的时域特征表示并识别握力运动模式.在涉及左、右手4个不同任务的实验中采集了11个健康被试的脑电信号,任务期间要求被试以2种握力变化模式之一完成自愿握力运动,每种任务随机重复30次.不同握力任务之间具有显著差异的运动相关电位特征用于识别握力运动模式.分别用基于核的Fisher线性判别分析和支持向量机识别4个不同的握力运动任务.研究结果进一步证实运动相关电位可以表征握力运动规划、运动执行和运动监控的脑神经机制过程.基于核的Fisher线性判别分析和支持向量机分别获得24±4%和21±5%的平均错误分类率.最小误分类率是12%,所有被试平均最小误分类率为20.9±5%.与传统的仅仅识别参与运动的肢体类型以及识别单侧肢体运动参数的研究相比,本研究可望为脑-机交互控制/脑控机器人接口提供更多的力控制意图指令,奠定了后续的对比研究基础.     

鄂西北区域磷矿制酸的评价试验

对湖北省4种中品位磷矿进行制酸评价试验,获得如下结果:二水法制取磷酸各种矿的优惠SO3质量浓度及技术经济指标;滤酸浓缩和澄清过程中,浓酸黏度,澄清效果、杂质系数与磷矿组成、杂质系数的关系;二段浓缩与一段浓缩所获浓酸组成及沉淀物量;二段浓缩中酸浓的选取以w(P2O5)40%～42%为宜,因此时酸的黏度不是最大,而非磷酸盐的总体溶解度最小。     

盐酸法饲料磷酸盐生产中应用氯化钾（氯化钠）、碳酸钙复合脱氟剂的研究

对贵州开阳磷矿用盐酸法生产饲料级磷酸氢钙的生产工艺,应用氯化钾(氯化钠)、碳酸钙复合脱氟剂进行了实验研究,得出了用复合脱氟剂脱氟的操作控制要点。实验数据表明:在一定的条件下,复合脱氟剂脱氟工艺所得的溶液和成品均合格,矿粉和盐酸的单耗均有所降低,分别为1.554t和2.644t。     

保康磷矿开采地表移动与变形分析

利用随机介质理论计算公式对山区地下开采岩体移动变形进行了预计,并将理论结果与实测资料进行了对比,二者吻合.在此基础上对保康磷矿地下开采引起的地表移动变形进行了预计分析,所获结果可供工程设计参考.     

湘桂石膏矿岩层移动的反演分析

为了研究湘桂石膏矿的岩体变形规律,对该矿东采区顶板岩孔多点位移计观测和钻孔锚杆应力计检测的结果进行综合反演分析,提出了水下矿区开挖后采场岩层的变形规律,为采取有效措施控制岩层移动提供了依据.     

采用有限元分析法量化不同中空玻璃边缘密封的热位移

间隔条和玻璃板片之间的相对热位移是中空玻璃边缘密封乃至中空玻璃(IGU)本身老化的主要原因之一.作者采用有限元分析法(FEA),建立了发生在大尺寸(1.5 m×2.1 m)的中空玻璃边缘密封的热位移与温差变化之间的模型,这是三种商业化的、不同材质的、不同设计的间隔条,在温度变化为-30～ 60℃范围内的模型.此模型是基于铝间隔条和镀锌钢间隔条与尼龙插角的搭配,不锈钢间隔条和弯曲插角的搭配.尼龙插角假定为实心的并稳固地固定于间隔条上;弯曲插角被建模成实心弯曲的金属插角,并同样稳固地固定于间隔条上.由于实际的弯曲插角是空心的,模型可能高估了这种转角设计的应力.正如预期那样,在低温时,插角会被向内拉,导致弯曲角度大于90°;在高温下,插角会被向外推,导致弯曲角度小于90°.通过检测发生在中空玻璃周边第一道密封的聚异丁烯密封胶厚度的变化,作者发现,到目前为止,不锈钢间隔条对于截面积的变化影响最小;铝制间隔条的影响最大.这个发现与基于间隔条材料与浮法玻璃之间热膨胀系数差异而预期的性能一致.因此,热位移引起的第一道密封的有效扩散横截面变化,可以解释为何具有不同间隔条材料的中空玻璃之间的性能差异.     

基于似人特性的拟人臂机器人自主抓取动作规划

针对拟人臂机器人在家庭环境中的自主抓取任务,提出了一种强调运动姿态似人特性的拟人臂动作的规划方法.该方法分为两个部分,构型规划和运动规划,构型规划基于人体工程学中广泛使用的快速上肢评估准则评价机器人运动姿态的似人特性,并在此基础上以机器人末端传速速率最优为目标规划机器人运动过程中的关键构型.运动规划结合了Fitts定律和似人运动模型规划了机器人末端的空间轨迹.本文最后以Motoman SDA10D拟人双臂机器人和Mitsubishi PA10机器人为例,具体介绍了该方法的应用和规划的结果,规划结果证明了本方法的可行性和有效性.     

极限训练机在矿山开采最大下沉值估算中的应用

矿山开采过程中采空区地表往往会发生形变,研究其最大下沉值对安全生产具有重要意义,现有的开采最大下沉估算方法还有提升的空间。基于岩移数据决策与极限训练机(Extreme learning machine,ELM)算法,提出了一种估计最大下沉的新方法。该方法将采厚、倾角、平均采深、走向长度、倾向长度和覆岩岩性确定为最大下沉值影响因素;应用以Sigmoid方程为核函数、隐含层神经元个数为114的ELM模型对最大下沉值进行了估算。通过案例分析,ELM模型得到了优于传统算法如CHAID、Boosted Tree、ANN、BPNN和SVM的RMSE、MAE、MAPE、最大残差及秩相关系数,故认为该模型是一种有效的矿山开采最大下沉估算方法。