宫颈癌防治中液基细胞学联合阴道镜筛查的应用效果探析

目的：宫颈液基细胞学检查（LPT）与阴道镜检测在宫颈病变早期筛查中的应用效果观察。方法对2010年6月～2013年6月在我院体检科行宫颈癌筛查的735例妇女分别行LPT与阴道镜检测,同时与病理组织学检查结果进行对比分析。结果病理组织检查显示宫颈癌前病变共39例（5.31%）,以病理检查结果为金标准,LPT检出符合率为82.05%（32/39）;阴道镜检测检出符合率为61.54%（24/39）;两种方法检出符合率比较差异有统计学意义（x2=4.0519,P＜0.05）;LPT与阴道镜联合检测符合率为100.00%（39/39）。结论宫颈液基细胞学检查与阴道镜检测均能够用于临床宫颈病变的早期筛查,但两者联合应用的效果更加显著,能有效提高宫颈癌及宫颈癌前病变检出率,降低假阴性率,值得在临床推广应用。     

Effect of Deoxynivalenol and Other Type B Trichothecenes on the Intestine: A Review

The natural food contaminants, mycotoxins, are regarded as an important risk factor for human and animal health, as up to 25% of the world’s crop production may be contaminated. The Fusarium genus produces large quantities of fusariotoxins, among which the trichothecenes are considered as a ubiquitous problem worldwide. The gastrointestinal tract is the first physiological barrier against food contaminants, as well as the first target for these toxicants. An increasing number of studies suggest that intestinal epithelial cells are targets for deoxynivalenol (DON) and other Type B trichothecenes (TCTB). In humans, various adverse digestive symptoms are observed on acute exposure, and in animals, these toxins induce pathological lesions, including necrosis of the intestinal epithelium. They affect the integrity of the intestinal epithelium through alterations in cell morphology and differentiation and in the barrier function. Moreover, DON and TCTB modulate the activity of intestinal epithelium in its role in immune responsiveness. TCTB affect cytokine production by intestinal or immune cells and are supposed to interfere with the cross-talk between epithelial cells and other intestinal immune cells. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the effects of DON and other TCTB on the intestine.     

中西医结合治疗单纯性卵巢囊肿临床分析

目的：研究中西医结合治疗单纯性卵巢囊肿的有效性。方法选取2007年3月～2012年6月我科收治的单纯性卵巢囊肿170例进行回顾性分析,所选患者囊肿直径均＜6cm,根据治疗方法将患者分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组85例,在患者月经来潮前1周进行中西医结合治疗,即采用一般西药和口服中药治疗。对照组85例,患者采用一般西药治疗,两组均为3个月为1个疗程,1个疗程后在月经干净后3～7d,用B超检测其囊肿变化情况。结果治疗组治愈46例,好转37例,无效2例,总有效率达到97.6%;对照组治愈27例,好转43例,无效15例,总有效率达到82.4%。两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论中西医结合治疗单纯性卵巢囊肿比单纯的西药治疗更有效,可供临床参考。     

椎板关节突截骨治疗中重度退行性脊柱侧凸近期疗效观察

目的：探讨中重度退行性脊柱侧凸的后路截骨术治疗方法和临床效果。方法2012年1月-2013年12月对9例中重度退行性脊柱侧凸患者采用了后路选择性经椎板关节突截骨、减压、椎弓根螺钉内固定去旋转矫形术治疗,对其近期疗效进行观察。结果与本组术前相比,JOA评分、Cobb角均有明显改善,差异有统计学意义( P<0．05),4例患者有轻度下肢疼痛、麻木,无其他并发症。结论后路选择性椎板关节突截骨椎弓根螺钉内固定旋转矫形手术治疗中重度退行性脊柱侧凸可起到减压、矫形、融合、重建脊柱稳定性的目的,近期效果满意。     

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the Bartholin gland is not HPV-related: A case report and review of literature

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the Bartholin gland is a rare gynaecological entity. Despite its slow growth and inconspicuous presentation, vulvar ACC has a propensity for perineural invasion and is therefore associated with high local recurrence rates.We report a case of vulvar ACC in a 61-year-old woman with a prolonged swelling of the Bartholin gland. This patient presented with pulmonary metastases at the moment of histological diagnosis. The vulvar and the pulmonary lesions showed identical histology. Despite a history of human papilloma virus (HPV)-related usual type vulvar intra-epithelial neoplasia and cervical squamous cell carcinoma, the vulvar ACC was negative for both p16 immunohistochemistry and HPV-DNA.We conclude that HPV is not involved in the pathogenesis of pure ACC of the Bartholin gland. Additionally, we advocate a low threshold for performing biopsies of vulvar swellings in women aged >40 years, to rule out malignancy and to prevent diagnostic delays.     

Dissecting expression profiles of gastric precancerous lesions and early gastric cancer to explore crucial molecules in intestinal-type gastric cancer tumorigenesis

Intestinal-type gastric cancer (IGC) has a clear and multistep histological evolution. No studies have comprehensively explored gastric tumorigenesis from inflammation through low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) to early gastric cancer (EGC). We sought to investigate the characteristics participating in IGC tumorigenesis and identify related prognostic information within the process. RNA expression profiles of 94 gastroscopic biopsies from 47 patients, including gastric precancerous lesions (GPL: LGIN and HGIN), EGC, and paired controls, were detected by Agilent Microarray. During IGC tumorigenesis from LGIN through HGIN to EGC, the number of activity-changed tumor hallmarks increased. LGIN and HGIN had similar expression profiles when compared to EGC. We observed an increase in the stemness of gastric epithelial cells in LGIN, HGIN, and EGC, and we found 27 consistent genes that might contribute to dedifferentiation, including five driver genes. Remarkably, we perceived that the immune microenvironment was more active in EGC than in GPL, especially in the infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages. We identified a five-gene signature from the gastric tumorigenesis process that could independently predict the overall survival and disease-free survival of GC patients (log-rank test: p < 0.0001), and the robustness was verified in an independent cohort (n > 300) and by comparing with two established prognostic signatures in GC. In conclusion, during IGC tumorigenesis, cancer-like changes occur in LGIN and accumulate in HGIN and EGC. The immune microenvironment is more active in EGC than in LGIN and HGIN. The identified signature from the tumorigenesis process has robust prognostic significance for GC patients. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.     

Clinical performance of the HPV DNA Array genotyping assay in detection of CIN2+ lesions with BS GP5+/6+ MPG Luminex tested cervical samples

Human papillomavirus (HPV) detection is used for screening of cervical cancer and genotype-specific persistence has shown to be mandatory for dysplasia development. Aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of HPV DNA Array for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2+ (CIN2+) lesion detection. HPV DNA Array is a polymerase chain reaction-based assay that targets E1 sequences of 29 HPV types (6, 11, 16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 40, 42, 44, 45, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 73, 82, 85, and 97). The clinical evaluation was performed against the reference assay, BS-GP5+/6+ multiplex genotyping (MPG)-Luminex, with 600 cervical smear samples of a referral population. HPV DNA Array detected CIN2+ lesions with a sensitivity of 90.2%, identical to that of MPG-Luminex. Detection of CIN3+ lesions was with a sensitivity of 90.3%, as compared with 88.7% of MPG-Luminex. It demonstrated very good agreement for HPV detection, irrespective of type, of 91.5% (κ = 0.832). HPV DNA Array is a simple and robust assay, with a short protocol of 4 hours hands-on time and automated readout by ELISpot AiDot software. It permits testing of up to 96 samples in one run and may be considered for use in organized screening programs and low resource settings.     

铅门跟随与固定技术结合有无均整器模式的鼻咽癌IMRT剂量学比较

目的:研究铅门跟随与固定技术结合有无均整器4种模式在鼻咽癌调强放疗中的剂量分布,为选择最优治疗技术提供指导和参考。方法:选择10例早期鼻咽癌患者,采用Varian公司的Eclipse 13.6治疗计划系统,设计铅门跟随无均整器模式（JTT-FFF）、铅门跟随有均整器模式（JTT-FF）、铅门固定无均整器模式（SJT-FFF）和铅门固定有均整器模式（SJT-FF）4种治疗计划,评估靶区、危及器官和正常组织剂量学参数以及机器跳数。结果:4组计划的靶区剂量分布均达到临床要求,且靶区的适形度差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;SJT-FF计划靶区的均匀性最好,相对于JTT计划差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,但相对于SJT-FFF计划差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。在JTT-FFF计划中,晶体的最大剂量以及眼球、口腔、颞叶、下颌骨和Body的平均剂量最低但机器跳数最多;在JTT-FF计划中,脑干、垂体、交叉、视神经、脊髓的最大剂量和腮腺、喉、内耳的平均剂量最低。结论:4种计划均能满足临床使用要求,靶区适形度差异无统计学意义,JTT计划靶区均匀性相对于SJT计划要差,但能更好地降低危及器官和正常组织的受照剂量。     

Extensive subpial cortical demyelination is specific to multiple sclerosis

Cortical demyelinated lesions are frequent and widespread in chronic multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, and may contribute to disease progression. Inflammation and related oxidative stress have been proposed as central mediators of cortical damage, yet meningeal and cortical inflammation is not specific to MS, but also occurs in other diseases. The first aim of this study was to test whether cortical demyelination was specific for demyelinating CNS diseases compared to other CNS disorders with prominent meningeal and cortical inflammation. The second aim was to assess whether oxidative tissue damage was associated with the extent of neuroaxonal damage. We studied a large cohort of patients diagnosed with demyelinating CNS diseases and non‐demyelinating diseases of autoimmune, infectious, neoplastic or metabolic origin affecting the meninges and the cortex. Included were patients with MS, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), neuromyelitis optica (NMO), viral and bacterial meningoencephalitis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), carcinomatous and lymphomatous meningitis and metabolic disorders such as extrapontine myelinolysis, thus encompassing a wide range of adaptive and innate cytokine signatures. Using myelin protein immunohistochemistry, we found cortical demyelination in MS, ADEM, PML and extrapontine myelinolysis, whereby each condition showed a disease‐specific histopathological pattern. Remarkably, extensive ribbon‐like subpial demyelination was only observed in MS, thus providing an important pathogenetic and diagnostic cue. Cortical oxidative injury was detected in both demyelinating and non‐demyelinating CNS disorders. Our data demonstrate that meningeal and cortical inflammation alone accompanied by oxidative stress are not sufficient to generate the extensive subpial cortical demyelination found in MS, but require other MS‐specific factors.