碳基钨涂层在退火过程中的组织和结构变化

用真空等离子体喷涂(VPS)技术在C／C复合材料基体上制备了厚度为0．5mm的钨(W)涂层，涂层的表面通过物理气相沉积(PVD)预沉积钨、铼(Re)多层作为碳(C)的扩散势垒。涂层经过1200℃--2000℃的电子束退火，其微观结构和化学构成发生变化。经测量涂层的再结晶温度约为1400℃，再结晶的活性能为63kJ／mol。当退火温度高于1300℃时，涂层表面的多层W、Re结构将由于W、Re和C之间的相互扩散而发生改变，并在1600℃以上退火lh后由于脆性碳化钨在界面的形成而完全失效，碳化钨层的厚度将随着退火漏度的升高和退火时间的延长而迅速增加。     

Microstructure of a nitrided steel previously decarburized

In this study the effects of a surface-controlled decarburization on the structure of a nitrided steel are analyzed. Samples of a quenched and tempered 42CrMo4 steel were decarburized by heating in air at different depths and submitted to gaseous nitriding. After decarburization and nitriding, the microstructure of surface layers was investigated by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The nitrogen and carbon profiles in the diffusion layers were determined by SEM equipped with a wavelength dispersive spectrometer (EPMA-WDS) and by glow discharge optical spectrometry (GDOS). The effect of nitriding was determined by microhardness measurements. Our results indicate that a previous decarburization only slightly affects the surface hardness, but reduces the conventional nitriding depth. The decarburization also favors the nitrogen take-up and produces increased nitrogen concentrations in the compound layer and in the narrow zone beneath it.     

短碳纤维表面化学镀铜工艺研究

实验用NaOH对短碳纤维亲水化处理，无需敏化、活化等工艺直接放入镀液中化学镀铜，研究了镀液温度、pH值和装载量对镀层质量的影响。用光学显微镜观察了镀层的表面质量。结果表明，当温度为60℃，pH值为13，装载量为0．1g／60ml时．获得的镀层光滑致密。     

The effect of plasma spraying power on the structure and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite deposited onto carbon/carbon composites

This paper deals with the effect of plasma spraying power on hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on carbon/carbon composites (C/C composites). The microstructure and phase composition of the as-sprayed coatings have been examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The shear strength of the HA coatings–C/C substrates was detected on a RGD-5 tensile testing machine. Results indicate that the melting extent and the shear strength of the coatings were evidently improved with the increasing of spraying power. Moreover, the amount of decomposed phases is increased and the content of crystalline HA of coatings was slightly changed. Observation of fracture surfaces shows that carbon fiber bundles can bond well with HA coatings using 40 kW spraying power.     

THE PHYSICAL SIMULATION ON EXTRUSION PROCESS OF GLASS FIBER COMPOSITE WIRE COATED BY LEAD

The method of manufacturing the composite wire by extruding lead to coated glass fiber is described. The different composite wire that diameter is from 0.5 to 1.0mm has been produced by two kinds of different extruding technology (getting wire along horizontal direction and getting wire along perpendicular direction). The optimal extruding technological parameter has been given in different extruding technology by the physical simulation (H: 300℃, 550kN, 0.16mm. P: 300℃, 215kN, 0.16mm). The effect on the coating speed by other extruding technological parameters in the different extruding technology has been discussed. The extruding temperature and extruding force is higher, the coating speed is faster. It has been pointed, that the affection on the extruding technology by the extruding temperature has also behaved as the extruding temperature rising up spontaneously. The reason for exiting the minimum extruding force and maximum extruding force also has been discussion in this paper. It is also important to the extruding process and coating speed that is the coating clearance.     

相控阵超声检测技术在碳纤维结构分层缺陷检测中的试验

以碳纤维层压结构中容易产生的分层缺陷为研究对象,采用相控阵超声检测技术进行CIVA仿真和检测试验。通过声场及缺陷的建模和CIVA仿真检测试验,得出了碳纤维层压结构分层缺陷的理想检测参数。设计制作了模拟分层试验件,并进行实际检测试验,结果表明相控阵超声技术可以有效地检测该类缺陷。     

ZnO nanoneedles fabricated by a simple approach and their optical properties

Spoke-like ZnO nanoneedles have been successfully synthesized at the ambient pressure through thermally oxidizing Zn powders containing Au nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that the ZnO nanoneedles have a hexagonal wurtzite structure of the crystalline ZnO. The morphology of the products was examined by FESEM. The photoluminescenee(PL) spectrum under 325 nm exhibits both an UV emission and a green emission. It is interesting to note that the heating rate plays a key role in the synthesis of ZnO nanoneedles. Based on this discovery we propose to explain the special growth behavior as novel mechanism that a large temperature gradient and Au nanoparticles simultaneously result in the spoke-like ZnO nanoneedles growth.     

SiC／Ti基复合材料界面反应的热力学研究

通过建立热力学可能反应模型，分别计算了SCS－6 SiC长纤维增强Ti3Al和TiAl金属间化合物基复合材料界面反应的Gibbs函数变值△rG，并用△rG判据推测了界面反应产物并与透射电镜实验结果进行了对比分析。研究表明，由于TiAl中原子结合力较强，因而SCS－6 SiC/TiAl复合材料的界面反应较轻。所研究的2种复合材料界面反应的二元反应产物为TiC,Ti5Si3和Ti3Si,Ti-Si相图中的其它二元硅化物不可能形成。     

Fabrication of niobium doped Pb（Zr, Ti）O3 fibers by viscous polymer processing

A technique based on viscous polymer processing （VPP） was described, which can produce high ceramic content green fibers. PZT-5 ceramic powders were ball milled to get high dispersibility. The slurry prepared for VPP was a composition of PZT-5 powder, PVA binder and glycerin. High ceramic content PZT-5 fibers were extruded with the slurry. The results show that the ceramic powders have fine mean particle size of 0.54 pan, high specific surface area of 3.55 m^2/g and zeta potential of 8.81 mV after 16 h milling. The fibers sintered at 1 280 ℃ for 4 h have pure perovskite structure and grains of 2-5 μm in size, with little pores or cracks. The ultimate tensile strength of sintered fibers is up to 13.84 MPa compared with 2.88 MPa of green fibers. The remnant polarization （Pr） and coercive field （Ec） of the fibers are 50.65 μC/cm^2 and 2.45 kV/mm, respectively. This fiber can withstand an electric field of 9 kV/mm higher than the ceramic （5 kV/mm）, which shows high directional and compact qualities.     

微孔硅酸钙柔性隔热材料的显微结构和导热性能

微孔硅酸钙柔性隔热材料由以硬硅钙石针状微小晶体构成的微孔硅酸钙球形颗粒和硅酸铝纤维复合而成，其中大部分硅酸铝纤维首先形成柔软的纸型材料，微孔硅酸钙颗粒和其余硅酸铝纤维沉积其上，填充在硅酸铝纤维之间的大孔隙中。由于微孔硅酸钙颗粒被硅酸铝纤维分割，互相之间不能通过氢键直接相连，从而无法形成普通微孔硅酸钙材料所具有的刚性结构，只能借助硅酸铝纤维构成柔性结构。具有大量0．1～1μm直径孔隙的微孔硅酸钙颗粒极大程度地限制了材料内空气的对流传热，同时，实验发现减少大孔隙和适当增加材料的致密度可以降低辐射传热，从而进一步降低材料的导热系数。这种复合材料的表观密度为0．25～0．32g／cm^3，热面温度1000℃下的表观导热系数可低至O．08W／（m·K）。