单足机器人垂直跳跃动态特性研究

单足机器人一个跳跃周期经历触地相和腾空相两种约束状态,针对机器人触地相落地碰撞、缓冲、起跳,腾空相起跳冲击和伺服定位各过程,综合应用动力学、热力学、流体力学、碰撞和控制理论等建立了机器人一个跳跃周期的综合数学模型.在Matlab上建立了机器人一个跳跃周期的联合仿真模型,对影响单足机器人落地碰撞、起跳冲击和跳跃高度的主要因素进行了仿真研究,得出了实现机器人增高跳跃、减高跳跃和等高跳跃时各影响因素的取值范围和较佳值,包括机器人落地时刻气缸下腔气压预设值和活塞相对坐标预设值,起跳过程气缸充排气转换相对坐标等因素影响跳跃高度、落地碰撞和起跳冲击的规律性认识.搭建了单足机器人垂直跳跃实验台,针对各主要影响因素对机器人跳跃过程的影响规律进行了实验研究,实验结果与仿真数据吻合良好.     

基于向量场的移动机器人动态路径规划

由于简洁、高效等优点,人工势场法已应用于自主移动机器人的在线实时路径规划,并受到广泛关注.目前,人工势场法在处理静态环境、动态匀速环境下的路径规划方面已有许多成果,但是,机器人在全变速环境下进行在线实时路径规划时,会出现路径冗余、避碰不及等现象.为此,将目标关于机器人的相对加速度因素引入引力势场函数中;在斥力势场函数的基础上融合避碰预测、减速避障策略;最终,机器人能够避免大量无谓避障,当与障碍物相对速度较大时能提前避障,且快速跟踪到目标.仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性.     

基于高亮模型匹配的SAR建筑物高度反演方法

针对高分辨率SAR图像中的建筑物高度提取问题,提出了一种基于高亮模型匹配的建筑物高度反演方法。通过对建筑物的成像特征进行分析构建出高亮特征模型,建立模型与SAR图像之间的匹配度函数,运用多种群遗传算法对匹配度函数进行优化搜索出最优的高度参数。基于模拟和实测SAR图像的实验结果表明该算法可以用于SAR图像建筑物高度反演,并具有较高的反演精度。     

HY-2高度计海况偏差非参数估计模型研究

基于HY-2高度计数据,采用局部线性回归非参数估计方法,利用球谐核函数及局部可调带宽,对70和71周期的交叉点进行海况偏差非参数估计。依据解释方差、海况偏差与有效波高及风速的相关度和模型残差分析,检验评价模型。与相同数据集下的参数模型估计结果进行了分析比对,结果表明:所选定的非参数模型的海况偏差与有效波高和风速的相关度均处于较高水平,说明模型更为有效。在不同纬度段,非参数模型和参数模型各有所长,在北半球高纬度区域,非参数模型表现更优。     

基于空间代价地图的机械臂无碰撞运动规划

针对家庭服务机器人机械臂高安全性和低算法复杂度的两大需求,提出一种基于空间代价地图的机械臂运动规划新方法。利用空间代价地图来描述机械臂与约束条件发生冲突的可能性,以概率分析代替简单的布尔判断,提供了更合理的最优规划依据,从而实现更安全可靠的规划。同时将一个六自由度的规划问题降维为一个三自由度规划和一个四自由度规划的问题,在此基础上利用无需实时计算的先验碰撞数据代替实时的碰撞检测。利用该方法在ROS的rviz仿真平台上进行验证,结果表明该方法有效地提高了机械臂规划的安全性并降低了计算复杂度,有一定的实用价值。     

Coordination arrival control for multi‐agent systems

The coordination arrival problems of first‐order multi‐agent systems with the arriving structure and the time structure requirements are considered for the cases with no obstacle and obstacle. To describe the distributed coordination arrival problems, we first introduce needed definitions, such as coordination arrival, threat point, and arrival structure. By selecting the estimated value of the arriving time of the agent as variable, we then develop a central estimating algorithm, which is used to construct the arriving protocols. Based on the estimating algorithm, we build and analyze coordination arriving protocols for the proposed coordination arrival problems. Several simulation examples are presented to validate the proposed algorithms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Safe Autonomous Agent Formation Operations Via Obstacle Collision Avoidance

In this paper, we consider the problem of flocking and shape‐orientation control of multi‐agent systems with inter‐agent and obstacle collision avoidance. We first consider the problem of forcing a set of autonomous agents to form a desired formation shape and orientation while avoiding inter‐agent collision and collision with convex obstacles, and following a trajectory known to only one of the agents, namely the leader of the formation. Then we build upon the solution given to this problem and solve the problem of guaranteeing obstacle collision avoidance by changing the size and the orientation of the formation. Changing the size and the orientation of the formation is helpful when the agents want to go through a narrow passage while the existing size or orientation of the formation does not allow this. We also propose collision avoidance algorithms that temporarily change the shape of the formation to avoid collision with stationary or moving nonconvex obstacles. Simulation results are presented to show the performance of the proposed control laws.     

一种新型煤矿救援机器人履带行走机构设计

从履带机构的结构复杂度、越障性能、可操作性以及履带的接地比压4个方面分析了现有煤矿救援机器人履带行走机构的优缺点,针对现有履带结构的优缺点设计了一种新型履带行走机构的结构;结合煤矿救援机器人的相关要求,给出了该新型结构主要尺寸的优化计算公式;根据所提出的计算公式,设计了CUMT-5型煤矿救援机器人。CUMT-5机器人的实际运行结果表明,该新型履带行走机构结构简单,越障性能好,具有良好的可操作性。     

一种复杂环境下移动机器人避障新方法

为解决基于传统人工势场法的机器人避障算法在陷阱区域或在障碍物前会产生震荡而导致机器人不能到达目标点的问题,提出一种带记忆功能的沿边法;通过记录和分析障碍物边缘人工势场法的局部最小点来判断目标点是否被障碍物包围,从而避免机器人来回震荡以及围着目标点旋转的现象;首先进行沿边行为激活和退出条件研究,然后进行局部最小点记录条件分析,最后给出了目标点被障碍物包围的判断准则;仿真实验,结果表明该方法解决了复杂环境下机器人的避障问题;该方法用于复杂环境下的机器人避障是可行的、有效的.     

Role Negotiation and Interaction: An Exploratory Case Study of the Impact of Management Consultants on ERP System Implementation in SMEs in Taiwan

Abstract

With growing pressures for collaborative information systems (IS) partnerships, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementation has been an important activity for improving supply chains efficiency in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs). Historically ERP consultants usually take a product-selling approach in SMEs, providing limited management consultancy services. However, a more constructive role for management consultants has become an emerging and challenging issue. This study explored the involvement of management consultants in ERP implementation, particularly with internal managers, ERP consultants and other project members. Extensive interviews were conducted with management consultants as well as 47 project members from four different SMEs in Taiwan employing ERP consultants. Using a grounded theory methodology, prior literature was used to sensitize the findings to key concepts of importance. The results were then analyzed and we described how owner-managers regard management consultants and how the consultants use role negotiation skills to work with both internal managers and ERP consultants. The study found resistance toward management consultants primarily from managers in SMEs, and not owner-managers. The relationships between management consultants and SME managers also differed from similar relationships in large organizations. Suggestions are also provided for academics and practitioners along with areas for future research to extend these exploratory findings.