Integrated reliability or travel time and capacity or urban road network under ice and snowfall conditions

In order to evaluate and integrate travel time reliability and capacity reliability of a road network subjected to ice and snowfall conditions, the conceptions of travel time reliability and capacity reliability were defined under special conditions. The link travel time model (ice and snowfall based-bureau public road, ISB-BPR) and the path choice decision model (elastic demand user equilibrium, EDUE) were proposed. The integrated reliability was defined and the model was set up. Monte Carlo simulation was used to calculate the model and a numerical example was provided to demonstrate the application of the model and efficiency of the solution algorithm. The results show that the intensity of ice and snowfall, the traffic demand and supply, and the requirements for level of service (LOS) have great influence on the reliability of a road network. For example, the reliability drops from 65% to 5% when the traffic demand increases by 30%. The comprehensive performance index may be used for network planning, design and maintenance.     

Establishmen and vertification of an improved similitude law for dynamic ice force model test

To study the similitude laws for dynamic ice force model test which is a hot problem in ice mechanics.In this paper,a new modified similitude law for dynamic ice force model test is proposed based on ice-induced virbration theory and two reasonable assumptions.And the new law is vertified with an ice-induced pier virbration example.The numerical calculation results show that,firstly,the error of frequency factor between test value and theory value is small as well as that of displacement and velocity;Secondly,the time scale completely meet the similitude relation,the waveforms anastomotic well,and the phenomenon of offset and omit do not occur;Thirdly,as the damping ratio between prototype and model is nearly equal,the improved similitude law will still be applied.Therefore,the new modified similitude law is feasible to study dynamic ice force model test and can provide reference for the ice mechanics.     

光纤光栅冰力传感器的开发及应用

根据裸光纤光栅(FBG)对应变的灵敏度远高于对压力的灵敏度这一特点,设计了一种基于等强度梁结构的FBG冰力传感器,并可以通过调节封装构件的尺寸调节其测量压力的灵敏度系数。对传感器的标定结果显示,这种FBG冰力传感器的线性相关度良好,实测的灵敏度系数与理论值一致。该种传感器在冰激桥墩振动模型试验中得到了应用,成功监测了桥墩在不同冰速撞击下受到的冰力。实验表明,这种FBG传感器灵敏度高、可靠性好、对结构自身的影响很小,可直接测量冰的撞击力,适合于模型实验中的冰力监测。     

Compressibility of fine-grained soils subjected to closed-system freezing and thaw consolidation

In order to investigate the effects of freezing and thawing on the compressibility of fine-grained soils, freezing and thawing tests and subsequent compression tests with fine-grained soils in an oedometer were carried out. During the freezing, a part of the soils is loosened and another part is over-consolidated under the freezing pressure ?E. The compression curves after the freezing and thaw consolidation are neither different from the normal consolidation curve nor from the rebound curve of an unfrozen soil, until the consolidation pressure ?z = ?E is arrived. Based on the experimental results, a theoretical model has been developed to predict the frost heaves, the thaw-settlements and the compressive deformations of fine-grained soils after the thaw consolidation. The theoretical results are very close to the experimental results.     

牡丹江长江屯站2009年1月冰坝特征及其成因分析

对牡丹江长江屯站2009年1月5~7日形成的冰坝的概况、河道特性、冰坝特征及成因进行分析,以期为冰坝预测及凌汛分析等相关研究提供参考。     

封装板式冰蓄冷系统蓄能模糊建模与分析

针对冰蓄冷系统蓄能的非线性特性,将自适应神经网络应用于封装板式圆罐型蓄冰装置的蓄能初始化和释冷出口温度实时运行的模糊建模,进行了冰蓄冷系统蓄冷量的模糊建模,确定了实验影响因素载冷剂进口温度、载冷剂流速、蓄冷时间的隶属度函数和模糊推理规则.运用减法聚类法和网格法对模型进行初始化训练与运行对比,使蓄冷系统能够跟踪负荷情况.通过调控影响因素的参数,可以更合理地初始化设定蓄冷阶段的蓄冷量.利用该建模程序进行实时释冷出口温度模糊建模策略验证,模型运行平稳.冰蓄冷装置蓄能模糊控制性能的优化保证了蓄冷量与负荷相匹配,实时输出释冷出口温度,进而达到冰蓄冷空调系统优化及经济运行的目标.     

北太平洋海温异常对黑龙江上游冰坝的影响及其预报的研究

在研究北太平洋海温异常对黑龙江冰坝的影响中,从预测黑龙江上游冰坝需要出发,利用反映北太平洋海域表面温度变化的分布型指数（该指数较好地表征出海温的年际变化特征及厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件）,以及黑龙江上游水文站的封江水位距平构建了该站的冰坝预报模型,该模型可以较好地预测出黑龙江上游冰坝,实际预测结果表明,该方法是可行的,在冰坝预报中可以发挥重要作用。     

基于支持向量机的主动红外式结冰冰型分类方法研究*

针对飞机机翼等部位的结冰探测,提出了一种主动式红外结冰冰型分类的方法。该方法基于支持向量机,通过测量不同冰型结冰表面的红外激光反射系数,达到对结冰冰型分类的目的。初步试验结果表明,该方法能够以一定的准确性对物体结冰的冰型进行实时动态分类,为飞机结冰探测提供了一种新的技术思路。     

Yo-Yo间歇恢复能力测试监控少年冰球运动员体能训练的研究

为探讨用Yo-Yo间歇恢复能力测试监控少年冰球运动员陆地体能训练的效果,对24名少年冰球运动员陆地体能训练期前后Yo-Yo间歇恢复能力测试结果对比血乳酸、RPE指标进行分析。与血乳酸、RPE等指标相比,Yo-Yo间歇恢复能力测试指标具有简易、无创、安全、准确等特点。     

原子吸收光谱法测定甘草片剂中铁和锌

铁和锌是人体及植物生长必需的微量元素，其分析方法倍受关注。中草药因毒副作用小，富含人体所需的多种微量元素，成为人们进行身体保健、治疗疾病的首选。甘草片剂是广泛使用的一种中草药，它具有镇咳、平喘的作用。为了测定甘草片剂中的微量元素，采用火焰原子吸收光谱法绘制了铁和锌的标准曲线，对甘草片剂进行了消解，测定了铁和锌的含量。并通过加标回收的方法，得出该测定方法简单可行，精密度和灵敏度高，相对标准偏差为0．236％-0．718％，回收率为94．5％-98．5％。