Estimation of anisotropic properties of nano-structured arrays by modal vibration control at microscale

Nano-structured arrays are engineered to meet the requirements of a variety of applications such as microfilters, sensors, and structural interface due to their unique mechanical characteristics, which cannot be achieved by conventional solid materials. However, it is hard to evaluate the elastic properties of nano-structured arrays owing to the discrete structure, sample size, and availability of suitable techniques. To facilitate this, we develop an advanced three-dimensional microscale vibration testing process. In the test, a specially designed three-dimensional microspecimen with tuned mass is excited by a piezoelectric actuator, and the resonance frequencies are detected by a laser device successfully. The anisotropic elastic moduli of nano-structured array composed of helical nano-springs are identified from a single spectrum. This array shows so strong characteristic anisotropy that the solid one hardly can attain. The microscale testing technique can be extended to other materials and microstructures.     

The effect of evaporation on size and shape evolution of faceted gold nanoparticles on sapphire

We studied the size and shape evolution of about 180 faceted gold nanoparticles attached to a sapphire substrate during annealing at 950 °C in air. We employed the scanning force microscopy and interrupted annealing techniques to track the changes in size and shape of individual nanoparticles. The height of all single-crystalline nanoparticles was constant up to the longest cumulative annealing time of 65 h. The lateral dimensions of ∼20% of all nanoparticles shrunk during anneals, while all three dimensions of the remaining 80% of nanoparticles remained constant. Only the nanoparticles with the height below the average (for all particles) were laterally shrinking. We formulated a kinetic model relating the lateral shrinkage of the nanoparticles to the evaporation of Au atoms adsorbed on sapphire. We also assumed that the process controlling particles shrinkage is the slow self-diffusion of Au atoms along the lateral facets of the nanoparticles toward the substrate. The model predicted a power law dependence of the shrinkage rate on the particle height, with the exponent n = 3. The corresponding exponent determined from the experimental data was n = −2.9 ± 0.3, in excellent agreement with the theory. The low value of the effective self-diffusion coefficient along the lateral facets determined with the aid of our model (3.2 ± 0.2 × 10⁻¹⁷ m² s⁻¹) was attributed to the difficulties of step nucleation on atomically flat facets.     

Triaxiality at crack tip for combined Lankford's coefficient and degree of anisotropy subjected to mixed-mode (I/II) fracture

Structural parts used in boilers, turbines, ships, and many household purposes are manufactured through sheet metal forming processes. During manufacturing, the micro structure of the material is deformed and micro cracks along with anisotropic properties get induced. Present research deals with a thin sheet metal plate containing a central crack subjected to mixed mode (I+II) loading. With special reference to Lankford's coefficient and degree of anisotropy, the effect of anisotropic triaxiality on crack initiation angle has been investigated. The result reveals the combinations of Lankford's coefficient and degree of anisotropy for which crack initiation angle do not change.     

基于偶极横波测井资料预测储层压裂缝几何参数

利用偶极横波测井资料算出泊松比、弹性模量和最小水平主应力等岩石力学参数,基于IVERSON模型首先估算射孔层段压裂缝延伸高度,通过工区储层各向异性系数与裂缝宽度的回归关系估算裂缝宽度,根据椭球体积模型并结合压裂液的利用率及加砂量估算裂缝的径向延伸长度。将该方法优化编程,用于处理工区压裂前后井的测井资料,对比分析预测结果与实际压裂效果,两者较为一致,表明该方法效果明显,值得推广应用。     

考虑各向异性对软土隧道沉降的影响

采用不同本构模型对盾构开挖第4阶段的沉降进行了模拟,模型分别为考虑各向异性的本构模型（EVP-SCLAY1模型）和各向同性模型（MC模型和MCC模型）,将这3个模型的计算结果与实测数据之间进行了对比,结果显示,在模拟盾构开挖引起的沉降范围以及地表沉降时,各向异性模型模拟结果与实测结果更加吻合,而MC模型预测结果最差。     

柱状节理玄武岩各向异性特性的调查与试验研究

针对几何形状特殊且为镶嵌结构的柱状节理岩体,为认识其各向异性力学特点和开挖卸荷下的破坏模式,首先在柱状节理玄武岩截面几何特征的现场调查统计和3类结构面的扫描电镜(SEM)分析基础上阐述柱状节理岩体在结构上的横观各向同性特点,然后通过垂直其柱体轴线方向和平行其柱体轴线方向的柱状节理岩体原位声波测试揭示柱状节理玄武岩的变形各向异性,进而通过不同取样方向岩芯的单轴压缩试验和现场岩块的点荷载试验阐明其强度各向异性特点,最后结合上述所获得的柱状节理玄武岩各向异性认识分析其开挖卸荷下的“结构–应力”控制型破坏模式及其结构劣化的具体表现形式,所得认识和结论对柱状节理岩体地层中地下洞室稳定性分析和支护设计具有参考意义。     

水上玻璃钢滑道的结构强度分析

水上玻璃钢滑道为水上游乐设施,属于国家规定的特种设备,其结构的安全性直接影响游客的人身安全。基于ANSYS有限元程序,考虑水上玻璃钢滑道玻璃钢材料的各向异性,游客滑行过程中速度变化引起的载荷波动以及设备安装地的极限环境载荷,对水上玻璃钢滑道的力学模型进行结构分析,并依据GB 8408—2008《游乐设施安全规范》对分析结果进行校核。该方法为优化水上游乐设施的设计、提高结构的安全性提供了理论依据和参考。     

国产锆合金板料冲裁间隙的有限元分析

锆合金常用于制作核电设备的重要元器件。为了提高国产锆合金板料冲裁的产品质量与模具寿命,针对锆合金板料价格昂贵和各向异性明显的特点,利用有限元模拟软件研究不同冲裁间隙下的冲裁效果。通过试验测得国产锆合金的材料参数,利用有限元软件模拟分析在冲裁过程中冲裁力、冲裁功和工件断面质量随冲裁间隙变化的趋势;研究合理冲裁间隙的取值、以及厚向异性系数对合理冲裁间隙和断面质量的影响;通过裂纹扩展方向分析和实物断面分析验证了模拟分析的正确性。结果表明,厚度为0.47 mm锆合金板料的合理冲裁间隙为0.035 mm;厚向异性系数的变化对合理冲裁间隙的取值没有明显影响,但是对工件断面质量有显著影响。