Shape memory alloy film damping for smart miniature systems

This paper presents a dynamic analysis of the free and forced vibration of a free-standing bridge of superelastic shape memory alloy TiNiCuCo film with ultra-low fatigue properties and evaluates its versatility for novel miniature scale damping applications. A thermodynamics-based finite element model is used to simulate the evolution of martensite phase fraction during load-induced martensitic phase transformation. The effects of pre-strain, strain rate and excitation load on the hysteresis of stress-strain characteristics are investigated in order to assess damping energies. The analysis is performed under non-isothermal conditions taking into account heat transfer and rate-dependence of release and absorption of latent heat. We show that damping energy can be maximized by applying an optimum pre-strain. A maximum damping capacity of 0.17 is determined for the case of complete stress-strain hysteresis loop during phase transformation.     

超弹性形状记忆合金丝(NiTi)力学性能的试验研究

从土木工程振动控制的角度出发 ,通过NiTi形状记忆合金丝处于超弹性状态下的力学性能试验 ,研究温度、加载速率、应变幅值、循环次数等加载工况对形状记忆合金的相变应力、耗能能力、变形模量及残余应变等力学性能参数的影响规律 ,并给出了各力学性能参数与主要影响它的加载工况之间的关系。试验和分析结果表明 ,处于超弹性状态下的形状记忆合金具有良好的耗能阻尼性能、较大的可恢复变形能力和很高的结构驱动能力 ,可满足土木工程结构振动控制的需要。     

形状记忆合金丝加固古塔墙体抗震性能试验研究

针对砖石古塔墙体抗震性能差的问题,提出采用形状记忆合金丝(SMA丝)对古塔墙体进行抗震加固的新技术.为研究其加固效果,对SMA丝进行了力学性能测试,分析应变幅值对其耗能的影响,并通过SMA丝加卸载训练使其保持稳定的完全超弹性状态;通过2片SMA丝加固古塔墙体模型(1片完好墙体和1片损伤墙体)和1片未加固古塔墙体模型的拟...     

NiTi-W原位复合材料的马氏体相变与性能

为获得高性能NiTi基记忆合金复合材料,通过熔炼、锻造、拔丝等手段获得一种NiTi-W原位复合材料。利用SEM扫描电镜观察材料显微组织;DSC测试材料的马氏体相变行为;利用WDT II-20万能拉伸试验机测试材料的力学性能。SEM分析结果显示,拔丝加工使W纤维直径细化至几微米,甚至亚微米级别,在NiTi基体中沿拔丝方向一致排布。DSC测试结果显示,材料经不同温度退火后展现出复杂的可逆马氏体相变行为,在某些升、降温曲线上出现多个吸放热峰现象。拉伸测试结果显示,600 ℃退火样品经适当的预拉伸变形后,屈服强度会大大增加,由~200 MPa提升到~800 MPa,断裂应力超过1 GPa,断裂应变高达40%,材料展现出优秀的线性超弹性,是一种集高强度、高塑性、高线性超弹性于一身的高性能材料。     

Ti-7.5Nb-4Mo-2Sn-1.6Si合金的显微组织及超弹性行为

采用真空电弧熔炼法制备Ti-7.5Nb-4Mo-2Sn-1.6Si（原子百分比,at%）合金,在800 ℃对合金进行了热压处理（变形量为50%）, 然后在700 ℃对合金进行固溶处理20 min,对其显微组织和超弹性性能进行了研究。该合金显微组织由b相和少量a″相组成,在b相基体中有弥散细小的Ti₅Si₃颗粒的析出。与Ti-7.5Nb-4Mo-2Sn合金相比,由于Si的固溶强化和Ti₅Si₃的弥散强化作用,含1.6at%合金的应力诱发马氏体相变临界应力得到提高,从而使该合金在室温下表现出更好的超弹性。随着预变形量的增加,该合金的超弹性回复率降低。在预变性量为4%条件下,对该合金进行循环拉伸-卸载“训练”,在经过11次循环后,合金的超弹性得到进一步改善。     

Martensitic transformation and mechanical properties of Ti-rich Ti-Ni-Cu melt-spun ribbon

Martensitic transformation, mechanical and thermomechanical properties of a Ti-rich Ti₅₂Ni₂₃Cu₂₅ melt spun ribbon annealed at a temperature below the crystallization temperature were studied by XRD, DSC and DMA. After annealing the initially amorphous ribbon at 400 °C for 10 h, the ribbon is fully crystallized and exhibits one-stage B2?B19 phase transformation with the temperature hysteresis of 14 °C. The annealed ribbon is composed of B2, B19 and B11-TiCu phase with (001) preferential orientation. On the stress―strain curves, the rearrangement of the martensite variants and stress-induced martensitic transformation are observed below the M_f temperature and above the A_f temperature, respectively. The annealed ribbon exhibits up to 1.6% superelastic shape recovery with small stress hysteresis of 25 MPa. No flat stress-plateau is associated with the superelasticity. The annealed ribbon shows a well-defined shape memory effect during thermal cycling from ?60 to 100 °C. The transformation strain and recovery strain increase with increasing the applied external stress. Under the external stress above 150 MPa, the shape recovery strain is not sensitive to it and keeps stable at about 1.74%.     

Co对Ti-Ni形状记忆合金相变和形变特性的影响

用热重分析仪、X射线衍射仪、示差扫描量热仪及拉伸试验研究了Co对Ti-49.8Ni(at%,下同)形状记忆合金相变和形变特性的影响。结果表明,中温退火态Ti-49.8Ni合金冷却/加热时的相变类型为A→R→M/M→A(A—母相,R—R相,M—马氏体相);随退火温度升高,该合金的马氏体相变温度升高,R相变温度先升高后降低;该合金室温相组成为马氏体,具有形状记忆效应(SME)。用1%Co置换等量Ti后所得Ti-49.8Ni-1Co合金冷却/加热时的相变类型为A→R→M/M→R→A,相变温度低,室温组成相为母相A,具有超弹性(SE)特性。退火温度低于600℃时,Ti-Ni基合金的SME和SE特性良好,退火温度超过600℃后,合金氧化加剧,SME和SE特性变差,塑性显著提高。     

Ti-Ni形状记忆合金环超弹阻尼器的阻尼特性研究

应用Ti-Ni形状记忆合金环作耗能元件设计了一种新型的阻尼器,介绍了Ti-Ni合金环的制备及热处理工艺,并测试了其力学性能.分析了加载卸载过程中力-位移曲线与环内应力的关系.当无档板对Ti-Ni合金环进行横向约束时,由于环内的应力没达到应力诱发马氏体相变的临界应力,表现为线弹性,并且回复力非常小.当档板对环施加水平约束,出现滞迟耗能.随着位移的增加,回复力和滞迟环的面积都大幅度增加,滞迟环形状发生变化.小位移时,滞迟环为透镜状,当位移达到一定值时,滞迟环为倒三角形.倒三角形的滞迟环与双折线形滞迟环相比,在振动控制过程中具有更好的阻尼效果.     

Fretting wear behavior of superelastic nickel titanium shape memory alloy

The fretting behavior of superelastic nickel titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloy was studied at various displacement amplitudes on a serve-hydraulic dynamic test machine. The results showed that the superelastic properties of the material played a key role in the observed excellent fretting behavior of NiTi alloy. Due to the low phase transition stress (only 1/4 the value of its plastic yield stress) and the large recoverable phase transition strain (5%) of NiTi, the friction force of NiTi/GCr15 stainless steel pair is smaller than the value of GCr15/GCr15 pair and at the same time the Rabinowicz wear coefficient of NiTi plate is about 1/9 the value of GCr15 plate under the same fretting conditions. For NiTi/GCr15 pair, even NiTi has a much lower hardness than GCr15, the superelastic NiTi alloy exhibits superior fretting wear property than GCr15 steel. It was found that the weak ploughing was the main wear mechanism of NiTi alloy in the partial slip regime. While in the mixed regime and gross slip regime, the wear of NiTi was mainly caused by the abrasive wear of the GCr15 debris in the three-body wear mode.