"Treating traumatized OEF/OIF veterans: How does trauma treament affect the clinician?": Correction to Voss Horrell et al. (2011).

Reports an error in "Treating traumatized OEF/OIF veterans: How does trauma treatment affect the clinician" by Sarah C. Voss Horrell, Dana R. Holohan, Lea M. Didion and G. Todd Vance (Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 2011[Feb], Vol 42[1], 79-86). The word “While” was erroneously inserted in the first sentence of the “Clinician Factors” section. The corrected sentence is provided in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2011-04544-011.) The authors of this article describe the rewards and challenges for clinicians treating veterans who have served in Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). Issues of vicarious trauma, secondary traumatic stress, compassion fatigue, and burnout are defined and reviewed, as are compassion satisfaction and posttraumatic growth. Patient, clinician, and organizational characteristics that are likely to affect clinicians working with this clinical population are discussed. Patient factors that may increase strain on clinicians are discussed such as age, likelihood of redeployment, comorbid conditions, attendance issues, and elevated risk for suicide and aggression. Clinician factors, such as theoretical orientation, training, supervision, military affiliation, personal trauma history, spirituality, social support, and self-care, are also discussed as possible risk and protective factors for vicarious trauma and burnout. Organizational influences, such as caseload size and diversity, clinician control and autonomy, use of evidence-based practices, availability of resources, rural isolation, and the philosophy of the clinic, are further discussed. Recommendations for ameliorating risks are discussed relative to each area and include allowing clinicians to plan their own appointments so as to balance their caseload of OEF/OIF veterans, attending to self-care practices, and having a supportive team with thorough training in evidence-based practices. Future empirical research is needed on risk and resiliency factors for clinicians working with traumatized OEF/OIF veterans given that this population is likely to grow. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

萨中油田二次开发井位优化设计及实施方法

萨中油田地处大庆市主城区,油层厚、多层系共同开发,井网密集,地面建筑物多,给二次开发井位设计带来了一系列难题,为此,确定了二次开发多套井网统一部署至终极井网、一次完成钻建的实施思路,并设计了萨中二次开发油藏井位,开发了一套地面井位优化设计方法,探索出了定向井油层段井网井距规则保障手段,取得了良好的实施效果。     

Assignment of individual orientations by gaussian distribution and monte-carlo grain growth simulation by grain boundary character distribution (GBCD) in Fe-3%Si alloy

In order to investigate the effect of GBCD on microstructural evolution, a Monte-Carlo computer simulation method was developed in which the texture of real material was closely reconstructed in the simulated microstructure. This method consists of extracting a volume fraction and a Gaussian half-width from an experimental ODF of a Fe-3%Si alloy and planting them into the simulated microstructure. Using the reconstructed microstructure, the recrystallization texture formation characteristic of this alloy was studied with a particular focus on the anisotropic mobility of grain boundaries. By deliberately assigning a high anisotropic mobility (1000 times) to the grain boundaries with a misorientation angle in the range of 20 to 45 degrees, the abnormal grain growth phenomenon was analyzed. It was found that a selective growth of grains occurred when they were subjected to such pertinent conditions as their own high mobility accompanied by the presence of the neighboring low-mobility grains. Grains with a Goss orientation conformed to this general pattern of selective coarsening. Therefore, the present result strongly suggests that the theory of Hayakawaet al. - based on the selective growth of the Goss grains with particular boundary misorientation angles - needs to be modified so as to incorporate more general cases.     

燃气轮机二级喷嘴烧损原因探讨

介绍燃气轮机二级喷嘴拆检情况,分析燃气轮机二级喷嘴烧损的原因,经过大修更换了一级喷嘴和二级喷嘴,开车后燃气轮机各项运行参数正常.     

酶制剂在消除酿造酱油二次沉淀的应用试验

为了消除酿造酱油的二次沉淀,进行了木瓜蛋白酶在消除酿造酱油二次沉淀的实验,并对处理后的酱油的吸光度和氨基酸态氮等进行测定,结果表明,木瓜蛋白酶最佳加入量为每200mL酱油中加入浓度为0.1%的酶制剂0.3～0.4mL,最佳静止时间为2d。     

Effects of tannin on selection by sheep of forages containing alkaloids,tannins and saponins

BACKGROUND: Mixtures of plant species provide biochemical diversity to pastures which may enhance productivity while decreasing reliance on herbicides and insecticides. All plants contain secondary metabolites (PSMs) that interact in plant communities in a variety of ways. For instance, tannins are a group of highly reactive chemical compounds with the potential to interact with other PSM such as alkaloids and saponins, neutralizing their negative effects. Our objective was to determine whether tannins modify the foraging behavior of sheep grazing on varieties of alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil and tall fescue with high and low concentrations of saponins, tannins and alkaloids, respectively. RESULTS: Lambs that received intraruminal infusions of tannins increased their consumption of the high‐saponin variety of alfalfa and the high‐alkaloid variety of tall fescue relative to lambs not infused with tannins (controls). Lambs infused with tannins and then offered choices among the three high‐PSM varieties of the forages also manifested higher consumption of the high‐alkaloid variety of tall fescue than control lambs. In contrast, lambs infused with tannins reduced their consumption of the high‐tannin variety of birdsfoot trefoil. Thus lambs modified their foraging behavior as a function of the presence/absence of tannins in their rumens. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that ruminants are able to discriminate the specific post‐ingestive effects of forage varieties with high concentrations of PSM, and that PSM complementarities are likely to increase the efficiency of use of diverse forages with different biochemistries. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

The ecological context of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in food,feed and forage: an overview

Plant-produced 1,2-dehydropyrrolizidine ester alkaloids and their N-oxides (PAs) not only cause acute poisoning of humans and livestock, but also the likely harmful cryptic effects of chronic exposure pose particular food safety risks that need to be addressed for consumer protection. In natural contexts, however, PAs cause few or no problems. Rather, these plant secondary metabolites are important elements of ecosystems and plant–animal relationships; the existence and persistence of many PA-adapted organisms, in various ways, depends on the presence of PA-containing plants or even on PAs as such. PA plants are widely distributed among unrelated families of the plant kingdom; there is great structural diversity of PAs, and the amounts of PAs produced are subject to great variation due to multiple causes. These realities, coupled with many deficiencies in our scientific understanding, make the presence and roles of PAs in nature a subject with limited potential for valid generalisations and predictions, and complex and difficult to summarise. PAs, their producer plants and their users are integral parts of ecosystems worldwide, and we have to learn to live with these allelochemicals by accepting the presence of some harmful natural chemicals in the environment and by taking regulatory action to reduce health risks to humans. Regulations for consumer protection are long overdue. However, any such measures must be flexible enough to accommodate the findings of future research. Transdisciplinary efforts are required to fill gaps in the knowledge and to come up with additional means to monitor the presence of PAs in food and feed.     

Assessment of the ochratoxin A production ability of Aspergillus tubingensis

Aspergillus tubingensis is a black Aspergillus frequently isolated from different agricultural products, including grapes. Conflicting results have been published in recent years about its ability to produce ochratoxin A (OTA), a potent nephrotoxic and carcinogenic mycotoxin. This study re-examined six A. tubingensis strains deposited in international culture collections for OTA production. OTA could not be detected in any A. tubingensis extract using HPLC coupled with a fluorescence detector (FLD), whereas it was easily detected in ochratoxigenic A. niger extracts used as positive control. The same outcome was obtained using LC-MS. The presence of other metabolites with retention times similar to the OTA signal in the A. tubingensis extracts or background noise of the growth media may be reasons for the misinterpretation of the chromatograms obtained by HPLC-FLD.     

内环线浦东段快速化改建工程中道路绿化建设

分析、总结了在市政道路改造中道路绿化的二次建设面临的主要不利因素。在内环线浦东段快速化工程(龙阳路段)道路绿化建设设计原则中着重介绍了绿化景观总体定位、设计策略、种植设计,并对4个路段的绿化建设条件和绿化改建方案进行了设计。     

关于建设大型再生铝合金板带厂的设想

在有色金属结构材料中,废旧铝具有最高的可再生利用性,最大限度地回收废旧铝与充分有效地加以再生利用是建设节约型社会与环境友好型社会的重要一环,是又好又快建设可持续发展铝工业的必由之路.笔者首次提出中国有必要建设大型再生铝合金板带厂的意见,从各方面探讨了建厂的可行性,在长江三角洲或珠江三角洲地区建一个生产能力180 kt/a的再生铝合金板带厂,在资源、能源、技术、经济、环保、市场、政策、国际环境等方面都是可行的.产品种类为再生1XXX、3XXX、5XXX系合金民用板带.