排序方式: 共有98条查询结果,搜索用时 4 毫秒
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椎管内阿片类药物已广泛应用于临床麻醉与镇痛。本文对椎管内阿片类药物在临床应用中的药物选择、用量、给药方式、药物的作用特点、联合用药及相关副作用等作一综述。 相似文献
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对4头山羊采用交叉试验,结果证实,在颌面部用波导CO_2激光进行穴位麻醉下,机体血清总蛋白、球蛋白、γ球蛋白将显著增高,且其变化有一定规律性。与局部药物麻醉对照,激光穴位麻醉术后伤口感染率低、伤口愈合好可能与激光照射穴位,刺激机体合成具有免疫功能的球蛋白,尤其是γ球蛋白有关。 相似文献
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对手术室麻醉废气排放系统原理进行了介绍,并针对不同种类的麻醉废气排放系统的运行管理进行了经验总结。 相似文献
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麻醉是提高患者安全的首要环节。围手术期麻醉过程受大量随机、模糊和不确定性因素影响而呈现出多态性,传统故障树分析(FTA)在评估面向该类流程风险问题上存在明显缺陷。通过引入Vague集解决麻醉操作中失效事件多态性和失效概率不确定性,并依据有明显边界的麻醉操作阶段来构建面向流程的故障树模型,基于医院麻醉记录、医师经验、可靠性数据并结合TOPAZ模型,对围手术期麻醉流程进行了风险评估。实例验证该方法可行且有效,与现有方法比较分析发现该结果更好地刻画出失效事件随机性和不确定性。 相似文献
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Margarida M. Silva Torbjörn Wigren Teresa Mendonça 《International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing》2014,28(12):1357-1371
This paper presents a modeling and identification strategy for the depth of anesthesia using the propofol and remifentanil rates as the system inputs, and the bispectral index and state entropy measurements as the systems outputs. The standard model used for this purpose has twenty two patient‐dependent parameters. This high number of parameters, the little input excitation, and the small amount of output data make classical system identification approaches unsuccessful. To overcome these issues, the new model presented in this paper has six parameters, thereby meeting the parsimony principle of system identification. An extended Kalman filter algorithm is also developed and applied to real data. The good fitting results, combined with noise suppression and a recursive update of the model parameters, are promising for the design of the depth of anesthesia controllers to be used in real time platforms. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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全身麻醉是指由多种全身麻醉药物引起的一系列无意识、记忆缺失、痛觉缺失、运动不能等状态。随着遗传药理学及药物基因组学的发展,全身麻醉中各类药物与自身遗传因素的关系越来越受到关注。本文对全身麻醉中常用的镇痛药、镇静催眠药、肌松药及止吐药的遗传药理学研究进行综述,归纳近年来的研究进展。 相似文献
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目的:对罗哌卡因硬膜外阻滞复合全麻的手术病人进行药代动力学研究。方法:选择12例上腹部手术病人,硬膜外腔注入0.5%罗哌卡因,并行全麻诱导,于输入罗哌卡因后1、10、20、30、45、60、75、90、120、150、180min分别从左桡动脉采血,用高效液相色谱仪测定罗哌卡因血药浓度,用DAS2.0药动学统计软件拟合房室模型,并计算各项药代动力学参数。结果:术中、术后均未见与罗哌卡因有关的不良反应,罗哌卡因的主要药代动力学参数:tmax为10min;Cmax为0.713mgL;t1/2α为122min;t1/2β为190min;AUC0→180为(72±10)μg·mL-1·min-1。结论:复合全麻下罗哌卡因硬膜外阻滞药物代谢符合二室模型,安全性良好,镇痛效果满意。 相似文献
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Mohammad Y. Alzaatreh Maysoon S. Abdalrahim 《Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis》2020,24(1):3-11
Patients on maintenance hemodialysis are subjected to mild‐to‐moderate pain associated with arteriovenous fistula needle insertion. This pain might adversely affect patient compliance with dialysis and quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate published research studies on management strategies for pain associated with fistula needle insertion. A review of 35 studies from well‐known databases such as CINAHL, ProQuest, and PubMed was conducted. Three strategies of cannulation pain management were found to have been tried: specific cannulation techniques; use of alternative complementary therapies; and use of local anesthetic agents. 相似文献