给水泵非驱动端振动原因分析及处理

文章介绍了三河发电有限责任公司11汽动给水泵非驱动端轴承垂直方向振动大的历史原因、检修工艺，以及采取的检修措施。通过分析得知振动的主要原因是动不平衡，主要是第一次解体检修时工艺不良造成转子的原始质量不平衡引起的。说明检修过程中的工艺控制有待于提高。文章给出了具体的处理方案，作了动平衡试验。     

基于EMD和奇异值分解技术的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

提出了基于EMD(Empirical mode decomposition)和奇异值分解技术的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。采用EMD方法将滚动轴承振动信号分解成若干个基本模式分量(Intrinsic mode function，IMF)之和，并形成初始特征向量矩阵。然后对初始特征向量矩阵进行奇异值分解得到矩阵的奇异值，将其作为滚动轴承振动信号的状态特征向量，通过建立Mahalanobis距离判剐函数判断滚动轴承的工作状态和故障类型。实验数据的分析结果表明，本文方法能有效地应用于滚动轴承故障诊断。     

小波包分析在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

结合小波包分析和能量谱分析方法 ,提出一种新的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。利用小波包对滚动轴承振动加速度信号进行分解 ,求出各频率段的能量 ,并以此作为滚动轴承发生故障的特征量对振动信号进行重构 ,比较正常信号和故障信号的差异 ,从而识别滚动轴承的故障。通过对于实测信号的分析证明该方法具有特征参量少、故障特征突出等优点 ,可有效地用于滚动轴承的故障诊断。     

松动碰摩转子轴承系统周期运动稳定性研究

根据松动碰摩耦合故障转子轴承系统的非线性动力学方程，利用求解非线性非自治系统周期解的延拓打靶方法，对系统周期运动的稳定性及其失稳规律进行了研究，得到了系统在不平衡量-转速、碰摩间隙-转速等参数域内的分岔集。分析表明：在较大和较小的不平衡量下，系统的周期运动分别以Hopf分岔形式和倍周期分岔形式失稳；耦合故障转子轴承系统表现出与碰摩转子轴承系统相似的分岔失稳规律；随着系统动静件之间的碰摩间隙减小，系统的Hopf分岔集区间变大而且失稳转速降低。该结论可以为转子系统的故障诊断、安全稳定运行及振动控制提供理论依据。     

磁悬浮转子径向位置精度的实验研究

以实际涡轮膨胀机为对象，研究了径向控制电流、工作载荷、轴承及转子的温度变化、磁场干扰等因素与转子径向位置精度的关系。提出了估计转子实际静态工作点变化的方法。实验数据表明，估计结果符合实际情况。采用该方法可监测磁悬浮轴承转子系统长期运行的安全性。     

Lubrication performance of finite journal bearings considering effects of couple stresses and surface roughness

To inspect the performance characteristics of finite journal-bearing systems, the combined effects of couple stress due to a Newtonian lubricant blended with additives and the presence of roughness on journal-bearing surfaces are studied in this article. Basing on the Stokes theory and Christensen’s stochastic model, the stochastic generalized Reynolds equation is deduced. The film pressure distribution equation is numerically solved by using the conjugate gradient method of iterations. According to the results, the couple stress effects can raise the film pressure of the lubricant fluid, improve the load-carrying capacity and reduce the friction parameter, especially at high eccentricity ratio. The surface roughness effect is dominant in long bearing approximation and the influence of transverse or longitudinal roughness to the journal bearing is in reverse trend. In general, the critical value of length-to-diameter is 1.1.     

轿车后轮轴承磨粒磨损失效特性与产生机理

通过对 2 0 0余套早期失效的轿车后轮轴承失效统计分析发现 ,磨粒磨损及烧伤是后轮轴承主要的失效形式 ,该失效形式占所有轴承失效率的 6 0 %。根据轿车后桥半轴的结构、后轮轴承装配状况、及轿车后轮的动力学特性 ,本文提出了轿车后轮发生磨粒磨损及烧伤损坏的失效模型 :(1)在惯性载荷作用下 ,轴承内圈与轴颈接触部位的切向蠕动形成粘着磨损颗粒 ;(2 )半轴轴端螺纹防松键槽侵入轴颈与轴承内孔配合段 ,导致键槽锐边在轴承内孔刮研 ,产生切削微屑 ;(3)蠕动及刮研作用产生的磨损颗粒进入轴承滚道表面 ,与滚动体形成三体磨粒磨损。(4)在制动鼓的维修过程中 ,磨损颗粒的异常侵入 ,同样会导致轴承发生磨粒磨损失效。本文提出 ,防止轿车后轮轴承发生早期磨粒磨损失效的有效途径是 :(1)尽量避免与轴承配合的轴颈圆柱表面受到结构或工艺性的损害。(2 )提高轴颈与轴承内孔表面的光洁度和配合精度 ,以降低蠕动造成的磨损颗粒大小和数量。(3)通过密封等防范措施 ,防止磨损颗粒的侵入。     

A two-phase flow approach to cavitation modelling in journal bearings

Cavitation has been extensively treated in numerical models for lubrication using boundary conditions in the pressure equation, and several criteria are available. However, an inappropriate choice can lead to imprecise results, thus having serious implications for performance prediction. This work proposes the numerical solution for lubrication analysing the changes suffered by the lubricant along a journal bearing, considering the release of gas from the liquid and the existence of a two-phase flow. Results obtained are compared with those using the Reynolds, or Swift-Steiber, boundary condition. The influence of fluid properties on the main parameters of bearing operation is also discussed.     

Effects of lubricant additives on the performance of hydrodynamically lubricated journal bearings

A non-Newtonian rheological model to investigate theoretically the effects of lubricant additives on the steady state performance of hydrodynamically lubricated finite journal bearings is introduced. In this model, the non-Newtonian behavior resulting from blending the lubricant with polymer additives is simulated by Stokes couple stress fluid model. The formed boundary layer at the bearing surface is described through the use of a hypothetical porous medium layer that adheres to the bearing surface. The Brinkman-extended Darcy equations are utilized to model the flow in the porous region. A stress jump boundary condition is applied at the porous media/fluid film interface. A modified form of the Reynolds equation is derived and solved numerically using a finite difference scheme. The effects of bearing geometry, and non-Newtonian behavior of the lubricant on the steady-state performance characteristics such as pressure distribution, load carrying capacity, side leakage flow, and coefficient of friction are presented and discussed. The results showed that lubricant additives significantly increase the load carrying capacity and reduce both the coefficient of friction and the side leakage as compared to the Newtonian lubricants.     

超高速数控精密磨床磁浮轴承主轴单元设计

本文介绍了磁浮轴承的优点，并提出了磁浮轴承作为磨床主轴轴承的设计方法。同时，首次提出了超高速数控精密外圆磨床磁浮轴承主轴单元设计方法和设计过程。并针对一台300m／s超高速数控精密外圆磨床磁浮轴承主轴单元进行了设计。经过实验证明，提出的设计方法是正确的。同时，应用了该技术的超高速数控精密磨床，虽然初期投资成本高，但其优越的使用性能使其综合效益高。