我国人力资源问题及其对策研究

人力资源是最重要的生产要素,当前我国人力资源存在总体素质较低、教育投入不足结构不合理、老龄化趋势严重、地区差距较大等问题,只有从加大教育投入,完善教育立法,加强中外教育、两岸四地教育合作等才能全面提高人力资源总体水平,为未来经济发展奠定坚实的基础。未来中国人力资源开发将朝更加良性合理方向发展。     

Resource interaction in inter-organizational networks: Introduction to the special issue

This article introduces the special issue of Journal of Business Research on the topic of resource interaction in inter-organizational networks. Both networks and resources receive considerable attention in the field of business studies. As companies specialize further and rely on cooperative agreements with external parties, the importance of networks is gaining increasing recognition. Resources are typically a key factor for identifying a company's competencies, or its sources of growth, profitability, and sustained competitive advantage. This special issue takes a novel approach by directing attention toward the processes of interaction in which companies combine and recombine resources at the network level. This approach provides new insights into the development, production, exchange, and use of resources. The introductory article also reviews the 13 articles in this special issue and concludes by discussing their contributions to the fields of marketing, innovation, entrepreneurship, and logistics.     

Managing interaction for learning and value creation in exchange relationships

Firms create value by establishing and maintaining appropriate exchange relationships. However, beyond the generally recognized importance of trust and commitment, there is a lack of specific cues as to how such value creation can be managed. In an attempt to gain more insight this study examines the success formulas in three different types of interactions in exchange relationships. The purpose is to investigate how different types of interactions can be managed so that buyer firms make important contributions to the development of their suppliers' capabilities. The study empirically examines how inter-organizational management facilitates value creation in three different types of interactions in exchange relationships: unilateral learning, unilateral development, and bilateral learning. This study uses a partial least squares analysis (PLS) to analyze survey data from 142 exchange relationships in the seafood industry. The main contribution to the literature is the assessment of how various types of inter-organizational management promote value-creation initiatives (such as information supply and coaching), and ultimately, value creation.     

Moving resources across permeable project boundaries in open network contexts

This paper discusses how firms develop and use resources across a permeable project boundary and conceptualizes how a project can create value for a focal parent organization. Inspired by ideas on interaction and open innovation, we suggest a framework for analyzing the flow of resources based on the two dimensions; direction, whether the resource starts inside or outside the project, and mode, whether the resources cross the boundary once (uni-directionally) or twice (bi-directionally). The dimensions lead to four situations: Inside-out, Outside-in, Boomerang and Passing on. The framework is based on a single case study of an inter-organizational research project in plant biotechnology in a Swedish context. Through these four situations, the results show that a focal parent organization can create direct, indirect, relational potential and transactional potential value. The complex pattern of value creation in an open network context, raises the challenging question of how to capture the value created.     

A comparison of revenue growth at recent-IPO and established firms: The influence of SG&A, R&D and COGS

A dynamic view of the resource based theory (RBT) examines how a firm builds its resources over time, considering variations in resources' growth rates while the firm attempts to grow. Accordingly, we consider the elasticity of accumulated resources to assess conditions where these resources might serve as substitutes for rather than complements to COGS during periods of growth. We specify a production function that links aggregate resource allocation among SG&A, R&D and COGS expenses to a firm's revenue. This function yields a set of hypotheses on the elasticity of SG&A and R&D, and the productivity of COGS, while controlling for the revenue growth rate. We test these hypotheses on a dataset of 64 randomly selected firms that recently underwent an IPO, and a comparable set of 64 established public firms from four high-technology sectors. Results show that the accumulated stocks of resources can serve as substitutes for rather than complements to COGS, and the manner in which recent-IPO firms allocate and use resources differs from their established counterparts. We discuss the implications of associated elasticity and productivity results.     

资源枯竭型城市发展服务业问题研究

加快发展服务业有利于转变经济发展方式;有利于扩大内需拉动经济增长;是广开城乡就业渠道、促进社会和谐的内在要求;是转变经济增长方式、调整产业结构、促进资源枯竭型城市经济转型的必然选择.本文探讨了资源枯竭型城市服务业发展存在的问题和不足,阐述了资源枯竭型城市发展服务业的必要性和紧迫性,在吸收借鉴国内外资源枯竭型城市发展服务业做法的基础上,指出服务业发展的生产性、消费性和农村服务业等重点领域,提出了服务业发展的主要措施:深化体制改革,激活服务业企业发展活力;进一步放宽市场准入,不断提高服务业对外开放水平;规范监督管理,优化服务业发展环境;创新机制,努力构筑现代服务业人才高地;加大投融资支持力度,扶持中小企业发展.     

ERP采用对人力资源绩效的影响

在经济全球化和供应链集成背景下,ERP已朝着集成、开放、组件化方向发展,领先的ERP系统已经演化成了集成的商务解决方案。ERP能提高管理效率和管理水平,这是理论共识。然而国内实证文献还很缺乏,存在诸多不足。通过收集沪深两市66家上市公司大约340个样本观察值构成的面板数据,使用广义最小二乘法(GLS)在我国背景下实证研究了ERP与人力资源管理绩效的关系,得出了以下研究结论:采用ERP后,上市公司的人均主营业务收入(劳动生产率)、人均主营业务利润(度量人力资本的投资回报)在统计上显著提高了。本文还实证研究了ERP与物质资源管理绩效(以存货周转率来衡量)的关系,发现采用ERP后,上市公司的存货周转率在统计上显著提高了。     

资源约束下的创业导向、资源行动策略与企业成长

资源约束背景下，如何制定有效的创业导向及资源行动策略对动态环境中企业成长具有重要意义。基于动态能力视角，以恒瑞医药为例，探讨其不同发展阶段创业导向、资源行动策略与企业成长间的内在作用机理。结果发现：①高差异性和高合法性是企业资源行动所追求的理想状态，但在不同发展阶段二者的侧重点不同；②创业导向为企业资源行动策略提供方向，而资源行动策略则是创业导向得以实施的保障，二者相互契合，共同促进企业成长；③多重资源约束是企业创业导向和资源行动的直接动因，而企业能力提升是创业导向和资源行动产生的有效结果，该过程中管理者认知为企业资源环境分析、创业导向制定以及资源行动选择提供有力保障。     

Time-sensitive supply chain disruption recovery and resource sharing incentive strategy

Market demand is becoming increasingly time-sensitive in competitive environments. Hence, supply disruptions will have a more serious impact on the profits of supply chains. This study applies a Stackelberg competition between a single supplier and a single manufacturer in a time-sensitive supply chain in a cloud manufacturing environment. We aim to address the supplier’s production capacity recovery issues and the manufacturer’s incentive decision issues after supply disruption. We find that the supplier is in a weak position when the information is symmetrical. The manufacturer can encourage the supplier to shorten the recovery time by raising the unit wholesale price. When the supplier’s unit production cost remains unchanged but the unit wholesale price increases, the profit of the supplier first increases and then decreases. In addition, under the centralized decision-making setting, the optimal recovery time of the supplier is shorter and the optimal unit market price of the product is lower than that under decentralized decision-making. We further find that resource sharing can shorten the optimal recovery time, but it does not necessarily play an incentivizing role.     

区域科技资源协同度发展趋势及生态化治理机制研究

科技资源是重要的战略性资源，区域科技资源匮乏与协同度较低严重制约区域科技和经济快速发展。因此，促进区域科技资源协同与共享，如何推动各创新主体共同治理、共同发展是政府与学界共同关注的重要问题。运用2008—2017年黑龙江省与吉林省科技统计数据及复合系统协同度模型，对哈长城市群科技资源协同现状与未来协同趋势进行测算，结合生态学理论与生态化治理方式，设计区域科技资源生态化治理机制。结果发现：2009—2017年科技资源复合系统协同度整体呈现上升趋势，但增长态势平缓，其中2009-2011年和2013年复合系统协同度处于低水平协调状态，其它均处于一般协调状态。通过预测发现，2008—2022年科技资源复合系统协同度整体呈现上升趋势，但仍处于一般协同状态。基于此，围绕科技发展生态环境、区域空间协同、科技资源共享服务平台，以及产学研合作等方面设计治理机制，促进区域科技快速发展。