Firm Organization,Technology And Performance: An Empirical Study ∗

The purpose of the study is to characterize different styles of work organization in French firms and their current changes and to link them to the use of specific technologies and to firms performance. The data which are used arc of two kinds: a labor force survey (1 470 blue collar) and a business survey (7 089 firms). We show that two main variables create differences among firms' organization devices: the intensity of communication within the workshop and the level of autonomy of workers (facing technological and hierarchical constraints). The use of advanced technologies and the skill of the labor force are positively linked to both organizational variables. Therefore. ‘Communicating organization’ and organizational innovation seem to aim at creating conditions for individual and collective learning on new technologies. They also enhance the ability of the firm to adapt to changing market conditions through technological innovation and inventory reduction, These views are supported by econometric estimation.     

价值工程在加氢反应器筒节锻造中的应用

运用价值工程原理， 改进曾获国家科技进步一等奖的锻焊结构加氢反应器的筒节锻造工艺， 创新后的筒节锻造工艺又应用在其他两台类似的加氢反应器上，总计降低生产成本１７００ 余万元。     

国际分割生产条件下我国的出口增长问题

自2009年开始中国出口总额一直保持世界第一的排名。我国的出口以工业制成品为主,而制成品生产的主要特征是国际分割生产。本文对国际分割生产条件下我国出口增长现状和存在的问题进行深入分析,提出了通过提升我国出口质量,以促进我国出口增长的对策。认为我国亟需转变出口增长模式,提高出口产品的技术含量和质量,获得国际分割生产的技术效应,促进出口产业链和产业的升级。     

高校学分制条件下的选课制存在的问题与对策

作为高校教学改革的一个重要内容,在实施选课制的过程中出现师资数量不足、课程教学资源缺乏、学生盲目选课等问题,本文在分析存在的问题的基础上,介绍了我院完善选课制的策略,为高校学分制下选课模式的实践与探索提供了新的思路.     

新疆兵团经济发展中的农村金融深化分析

资金短缺而需求旺盛是中国广大农村面，临的一个共同问题，对此现实情况，政府和学者们借鉴国外成功经验探索本国农村金融深化道路，并取得了一定成绩。新疆生产建设兵团根据自己的现实情况，循序渐进将金融资源推向农牧团场，帮助团场致富。文章试图就目前兵团农牧团场金融深化情况进行分析，提出建议，以使金融资源能够更好地为兵团农牧团场经济发展服务。     

Expansion of EU's Free Trade Agreements into Asian Countries and Its Impact on the Chinese Economy

Abstract

This study investigates the macroeconomic impact of EU's free trade agreements with Asian countries and the US on the Chinese economy. In addition we examine the impacts on the Chinese industry output based on the framework of production network and production fragmentation. The expansion of the EU's economic reach toward ASEAN and Japan through free trade agreement will generate a positive macroeconomic effect on negotiation participants while it generates a negative effect on the Chinese economy: Some portions of existing trade and foreign direct investment will be shifted to partner countries from non-partner countries. However, according to a sectorial analysis, EU's free trade agreements with three countries result in a positive impact on China's electronics and machinery industry, because China's industry is linked to the production fragmentation and foreign affiliates play a crucial role.     

World War II prime defence contractors: Were they favoured?

Between 1940 and 1944 the US government placed $175.066 billion of prime defence contracts with US corporations. Two-thirds of these awards went to only 100 companies and 20% to only five companies leading to charges that the prime contractors were favoured. This article examines the common stock returns of World War II prime contractors relative to broad market indices and to the returns on the non-prime contractors in the same industry. The analysis begins in 1938 with the Anschluss and ends with the 1950 outbreak of the Korean War. Little evidence is found to support the charges.     

新旧农业社会化服务组织协同制度的路径研究

随着整个国家经济社会发展,农业生产中出现了各种提供社会化劳动服务的新型服务合作社。新型服务社与原来的社会化服务组织如采取协同制度,整个社会福利将得到帕累托改进。制度经济学的理论可说明新旧服务组织的协同制度变迁路径。在制度变迁的初始阶段新型服务社是第一行动集团,潜在的利益推动制度变迁;地方政府是诱致性制度变迁的突破口,其发现潜在收益并转换角色,制度变迁表现为中间扩散;中央政府成为主导,继续推动制度变迁。推进协同制度应尊重服务社的选择,体制内的原有服务组织可以服务社作为新的平台提供服务,地方政府加强对体制内的原有服务组织考核,中央政府重塑农业社会化服务体系。     

MODELING UNCERTAIN FORECAST ACCURACY IN SUPPLY CHAINS WITH POSTPONEMENT

We examine a situation where a manufacturer operates in a two‐mode production environment. The first mode could involve overseas vendors and manufacturing facilities. If additional units are later required, the company must use its second mode—more expensive last‐minute domestic vendors and manufacturing sites. We develop a new methodology for analyzing the impact of forecast accuracy on the decision to postpone production. We examine the interaction of forecast accuracy, shortage vs. holding costs, transportation costs and the cost of postponing production in the supply chain of a single product facing uncertain demand. Our model can be used to analyze the cost of important changes, such as increasing forecast accuracy, reducing the cost of backorders, lowering the cost of delaying production, or lowering transportation costs. Our model allows a firm to understand its overall cost structure so that it can accurately evaluate the impact of improved forecast accuracy and lowered costs in the context of postponement.     

Public infrastructure,production organization,and economic development

We develop a political economy model of growth to examine economic development led by the interactions between an economic decision concerning a firm’s production technology (CRS vs. IRS technology) and a political decision concerning public infrastructure. We show that multiple equilibrium growth paths occur due to differences in expectations regarding the quality of public infrastructure. These multiple paths illustrate why economies with poor initial conditions can catch up to and, furthermore, overtake economies with better initial conditions. Our result could explain the experiences of some East Asian countries where the co-evolution of public infrastructure and industrial transformation spurred economic development.