25例垂体ACTH腺瘤的临床分析

目的分析和探讨垂体促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)腺瘤的临床特点和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析从2004年1月至2006年3月在我院接受治疗的25例垂体ACTH腺瘤患者的临床特点、治疗经过及预后。结果垂体ACTH腺瘤患者的临床症状和肿瘤的大小密切相关,微腺瘤(直径≤10 mm)患者以Cushing综合症征为主要临床表现,而大腺瘤(直径>10 mm)患者则以压迫症状为主。有无Cushing综合征的表现和腺瘤的直径呈负相关(P<0.05)。本组25例垂体ACTH腺瘤中21例具有侵袭性。垂体ACTH腺瘤患者主要以育后女性为主。该病首次经蝶手术后近期疗效显著。结论垂体ACTH大腺瘤以压迫症状为主,微腺瘤则以Cushing综合征表现为主。该肿瘤大多数具有侵袭性倾向,育后女性是高危人群。经蝶显微手术是垂体ACTH腺瘤的首选治疗方法。     

垂体腺瘤细胞VEGF表达与细胞因子分泌的关系

目的:探讨垂体腺瘤细胞株HP75 VEGF表达与细胞因子IL-1α和IL-6分泌的关系。方法:HP75细胞常规培养,经各种因素处理后,取培养上清液,采用ELISA方法分别检测VEGF、IL-1α和IL-6的分泌水平。结果:①HP75细胞时间依赖性分泌VEGF、IL-1α和IL-6;②较大剂量的IL-1α剂量依赖性的刺激VEGF表达;③所用各种剂量的IL-6对VEGF的分泌均无显著影响;④IL-1α和IL-6中和抗体对VEGF基础分泌无显著影响。结论:VEGF的表达与IL-1α和IL-6的分泌密切相关,提示细胞因子在垂体腺瘤的生长过程中发挥重要作用。     

神经导航在经单鼻孔入路垂体腺瘤切除术的应用

目的 探讨神经导航系统在经单鼻孔入路垂体腺瘤切除术中的应用技术及对鞍区解剖结构识别的价值。方法 对39例垂体腺瘤使用StealthStation神经导航系统进行指导定位、识别入路相关的解剖结构并引导手术操作。结果 平均注册误差为2．3mm（1．6～3．3mm），肿瘤全切除32例，次全切除4例，大部切除2例。部分切除1例。未全切除病例主要是肿瘤巨大、向海绵窦侵袭性生长、质地坚硬或血供异常丰富者。结论 神经导航系统提供了准确可靠的定位，能够准确指示中线结构、鞍底和颈内动脉，有效地减轻了创伤，使之成为良好的手术辅助工具。     

Do forceps biopsies truthfully reflect the nature of endoscopically uncovered polypoid lesions of the colon?

BACKGROUND: Total excision of colonic polyps is not always attainable and in some patients it is clinically contraindicated. Also, a resected polyp may be lost at any step between its endoscopic removal and its embedding in paraffin. The aim of this study was to compare the histological features of colonic polyps as analysed by the study of biopsy-forceps obtained samples with those assessed on scrutinizing the totally resected growths. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective study included a cohort of 59 patients in whom, in the course of an elective colonoscopy, a total excision of a 6 mm-sized or larger polyp was called for. Sizeable biopsies were obtained by means of an Olympus Multibyte forceps prior to the total polypectomy. Subsequent to the study of the polypectomy specimens, the forceps biopsy samples were submitted for histological examination. The pathologists were blinded as to the source of the tissue they were studying. The diagnoses rendered by evaluating the biopsy samples and polypectomy specimens of each patient were contrasted with each other. RESULTS: Major discrepancies between the histological features of the fragments captured by the biopsy-forceps and the factual nature of the totally removed polyps were uncovered in 11 (18.6%) of 59 cases. Intriguingly, the grade of the tumours was underrated in all the 11 cases, as judged by contrasting the tentative diagnoses of the forceps-biopsies with the decisive diagnoses of the polypectomies. Importantly, 2 adenocarcinomas would have been missed by just looking at the forceps-retrieved sample. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, a discordance of 18.6% is to be expected between the diagnoses rendered after examining forceps-biopsies of and totally excised colonic polyps. Nevertheless, it is advisable to procure biopsies prior to the excision of the growths, because on those occasions in which patients' growths cannot be removed or have not been retrieved for one reason or another, a small forceps-captured tissue sample correctly reflects the characteristics of the polyp in 81.4% of the cases. Finally, the biopsies may be discarded in the event that total removal was successful.     

神经导航内窥镜辅助下单鼻孔入路垂体腺瘤切除

目的神经导航、内窥镜辅助下垂体腺瘤的经单鼻孔经蝶手术治疗。方法对6例经磁共振成像诊断垂体腺瘤的病人术前进行磁共振成像定位,将影像资料输入导航工作站,作术前手术计划。采用零度及45度镜经单鼻腔,在导航的动态指引下确认鞍底,于内窥镜下实施瘤实质切除。结果本组5例完全切除,1例因为瘤实质较韧而作大部分切除,术后病人的视力均得到了改善。导航预期误差1.48mm,实际误差1.8mm。结论神经导航引导下的经鼻蝶垂体腺瘤手术定位准确,内窥镜下操作对鼻腔的解剖结构影响小、组织损伤轻,病人恢复快。     

肝腺瘤的螺旋CT表现

目的探讨肝腺瘤的螺旋CT表现。方法结合文献回顾性分析临床病理确诊的9例10个肝腺瘤的螺旋CT平扫和增强三期扫描(动脉期、门脉期和延迟期)的表现。结果9例10个肝腺瘤的平扫及增强螺旋CT表现如下:病变边界光滑清晰,无明显分叶。位于肝右叶7个,左叶3个。平扫呈等密度1个,均匀略低密度4个,不均匀低密度2个,混杂密度3个。4个病灶周围环以低密度假包膜,包膜完全2个,不完全2个。2个病灶诊断为急性出血,1个为亚急性出血,4个病灶中心可见坏死,2个病灶内可见脂肪变性。增强扫描:动脉期病灶除出血、坏死和脂肪变性部分呈均匀明显强化8个,有2个病灶肿瘤实质部分呈不均匀强化。门脉期和延迟期病灶呈等密度或略低密度。4个病灶周围包膜平扫和动脉期呈低密度,门脉期或延迟期呈轻度强化。结论螺旋CT特别是三期增强扫描对肝腺瘤的定性诊断及鉴别诊断有重要意义。     

垂体腺瘤的分子病因学研究进展

垂体腺瘤是发生于垂体前叶的良性肿瘤，约占中枢神经系统肿瘤的10％-20％，而无功能微腺瘤占到成人尸检的23％左右。生理上根据免疫组化将垂体腺瘤按功能分为有激素分泌活性腺瘤（functioning pituitary adenoma，FPA）和非激素分泌活性腺瘤（non—functioning pituitary adenoma，NFPA）两大类。[第一段]     

Jejunal carcinoma with adenoma —Report of a case and review of the Japanese literature—

A rare case of jejunal carcinoma coexisting with adenoma, situated 120 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz in a 53 year old male, is reported herein. We also review cases of adenoma and carcinoma in the jejunum and ileum from the Japanese literature, and discuss the histogenesis of carcinoma of the jejunum and ileum.     

超声诊断甲状腺腺瘤与单发结节性甲状腺肿的价值

目的　探讨超声在甲状腺腺瘤与单发结节性甲状腺肿鉴别诊断中的价值。方法　对两种疾病的二维及彩色多普勒声像图进行分析并比较。结果　甲状腺腺瘤与单发结节性甲状腺肿比较 ,甲状腺大小、结节大小、结节内回声及周围回声组间差异均无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;结节边缘晕环及结节内部和周边血流信号差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　单发结节性甲状腺肿易误诊为腺瘤 ,结节边缘晕环及结节内部和周边血流信号对鉴别诊断可提供帮助