Ensemble of surrogates

The custom in surrogate-based modeling of complex engineering problems is to fit one or more surrogate models and select the one surrogate model that performs best. In this paper, we extend the utility of an ensemble of surrogates to (1) identify regions of possible high errors at locations where predictions of surrogates widely differ, and (2) provide a more robust approximation approach. We explore the possibility of using the best surrogate or a weighted average surrogate model instead of individual surrogate models. The weights associated with each surrogate model are determined based on the errors in surrogates. We demonstrate the advantages of an ensemble of surrogates using analytical problems and one engineering problem. We show that for a single problem the choice of test surrogate can depend on the design of experiments.     

钍在轻水堆中利用的研究

对钍－２３２在轻水堆中利用进行了研究。考虑到现行轻水堆改型的方便，以秦山核电厂反应堆参数为基础，只改变堆芯燃料组分，在可裂变材料总量不变的条件下，对不同钍－２３２装量进行了多方案研究。结果表明，由于钍－２３２吸收中子后的主要转换产物是铀－２３３，它在热堆中的η值比铀－２３５和钚－２３９的高，因此在同样初始过剩反应性情况下，随着钍－２３２装量的增大，燃耗的加深，堆内易裂变材料总生成量也随之增大，转换比提高，从而使堆芯寿期延长，节省了核燃料。可见钍是一种有前途的能源资源。此外必须指出，在所研究的参数条件下以钍－铀重量比０．２５为佳。     

碳酸盐岩地层自然伽马能谱测井曲线质量评价

:碳酸盐岩地层中自然放射性元素含量低，自然伽马值一般低于10API，由此进行剥谱分析而得到的铀（U）、钍（Th）、钾（K）曲线也都很低，有时甚至出现回零现象，因此控制自然伽马能谱测井曲线质量，避免解释错误是应用自然伽马能谱曲线进行测井解释的重要环节。为此，通过自然伽马能谱测井所测量的U,Th, K含量，研究提取铀相对比值和钍/铀比值，并对其进行交会、重叠等分析，可快速直观地对自然伽马能谱测井资料进行质量检查。目前这种方法在塔河油田中、下奥陶统碳酸盐岩地层曲线质量控制中得到了很好的应用。     

一种评价能谱测井质量的直观比值法

能谱测井反映地层沉积岩的自然放射性，通过对自然伽马能谱测井资料的地质分析，提取自然放射性铀相对比值和钍/铀比值，用于快速直观地对自然伽马能谱测井资料进行质量监控。目前这种方法在塔河油田奥陶系碳酸岩盐地层的能谱测井资料质量评价中取得了明显的效果。     

Design of Computer Experiments for Metamodel Generation

We review the use of statistical design and analysis of computer experiments (DACE) for the generation of parsimonious, surrogate models, also known as metamodels. Such metamodels are used to replace cpu- or memory-intensive, discretized approximations that often arise in MEMS and MOEMS. Emphasis is placed on optimal designs.     

锰结核中放射性含量的测量

锰结核是海洋底部的含多种金属的结核体,主要由锰和铁的氧化物、氢氧化物层所组成。最近我们用反符合屏蔽低本底γ谱仪测量了太平洋底锰结核样品的放射性。样品平均直径约4cm,重量75.2g。对测得的γ能谱进行分析,发现其中含有铀、钍系放射性。 测量装置和安排如图1所示。样品贴近主     

离子交换法分离／分光光度法测定四氟化铀中的微量钍

采用硝酸－过氧化氢溶解ＵＦ４，离子交换法分离去除干扰元素，分光光度法测定样品中的微量钍。在１０ｍＬ试样中，钍含量在０—１．０μｇ范围内符合比尔定律，相对标准偏差小于４．５％，样品重加回收率为９６．７％—１０３％。     

Enthalpy and heat capacity of the actinide oxides

The available enthalpy data on UO₂, ThO₂, PuO₂, (Th, U)O₂, and (Pu, U)O₂ have been analyzed and equations have been derived to fit the data. Phase transitions were found in UO₂, ThO₂, (Th, U)O₂, and (Pu, U)O₂. The high temperature PuO₂ data were too scattered to determine whether a phase transition exists. Above the phase transition temperature, the enthalpy data were fit with a linear equation. Enthalpy data for PuO₂ and ThO₂ below the phase transition temperature were fit with two-term equations whose contributions are due to phonons and thermal expansion. For UO₂ below its phase transition, a term for an electronic contribution was added to this basic equation. Below the phase transitions for (Th, U)O₂, enthalpy data were fit by a mole average of the equations used to fit the ThO₂ and UO₂ data below their phase transitions; however, the mole average equation was not valid for 90 and 92% ThO₂ in the mixed oxide. Since it was found that mole averages of the PuO₂ and UO₂ data do not fit the (Pu, U)O₂ data, these data were fit with an equation of the same form as that that used for UO₂.     

The development and experimental validation of a reduced ternary kinetic mechanism for the auto-ignition at HCCI conditions,proposing a global reaction path for ternary gasoline surrogates

To acquire a high amount of information of the behaviour of the Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) auto-ignition process, a reduced surrogate mechanism has been composed out of reduced n-heptane, iso-octane and toluene mechanisms, containing 62 reactions and 49 species. This mechanism has been validated numerically in a 0D HCCI engine code against more detailed mechanisms (inlet temperature varying from 290 to 500 K, the equivalence ratio from 0.2 to 0.7 and the compression ratio from 8 to 18) and experimentally against experimental shock tube and rapid compression machine data from the literature at pressures between 9 and 55 bar and temperatures between 700 and 1400 K for several fuels: the pure compounds n-heptane, iso-octane and toluene as well as binary and ternary mixtures of these compounds. For this validation, stoichiometric mixtures and mixtures with an equivalence ratio of 0.5 are used. The experimental validation is extended by comparing the surrogate mechanism to experimental data from an HCCI engine. A global reaction pathway is proposed for the auto-ignition of a surrogate gasoline, using the surrogate mechanism, in order to show the interactions that the three compounds can have with one another during the auto-ignition of a ternary mixture.     

横射流预混燃烧的直接数值模拟研究

采用了直接数值模拟的方法对横射流预混燃烧进行了研究.乙烯/空气预混射流垂直进入高温产物组成的来流,射流当量比为0.6,动量比为8.7,模拟了流动和燃烧两个算例.本文探究了横射流速度场的特性及燃烧对流动的影响,发现燃烧使得流速衰减变慢,湍流耗散变快,射流轨迹更深入来流;同时在横射流火焰中验证了?CH2O?OH、?CH2O...