系列磺酸盐型孪连表面活性剂的性能

由1，2-环氧烷烃、二醇合成双烷基二羟基化合物，再与1，3-丙烷磺酸内酯反应，制得烷基碳数不同（C10、C12、C14、c16）而联接基相同（C2）和烷基碳数相同（C14）而联接基不同（c2、巳、c4、c20Q）的2组共7种磺酸盐型孪连表面活性剂。由30℃时表面张力～浓度曲线求得临界胶束浓度Cm,cr前一组4种双磺酸盐分别为0．01、0．005、0．003、0．002mmol／L，Cm,cr对数和表面张力与浓度之间有线性关系；后一组4种双磺酸盐分别为0．003、0．0024、0．001、0．0027mmol／L，表面张力与浓度之间有线性关系（联接基为C20C2的除外）。根据部分样品的测试结果，其耐温性可达280℃。各种双磺酸盐在不同质量浓度NaCl盐水中的Cm,cr浓度的溶液与正十二烷之间45℃动态界面张力平衡值，随盐浓度增大而减小，一般在10_～10-2mN／m范围，其中C14-C4-C14在盐浓度为200和220g／L时可达10^-3mN／m。根据双磺酸盐盐水溶液的外观变化判断，耐盐性，前一组随烷基碳数增大而显著降低，后一组随联接基碳数增大变化较小，联接基含氧时（C2OC2）耐盐性明显增强。随CaCl2加量增大，C14-C4-C14在150g／L盐水中的Cm,cr溶液的界面张力不断降低，由不合Ca^2＋时的0．074mN／m降至0．0363mol／LCa^2＋时的0．004mN／m。图6表5参6。     

稳态荧光探针研究Guerbet醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠的聚集行为

以芘为荧光探针、二苯甲酮为猝灭剂,用稳态荧光探针法测定了合成的4种具有支链结构的Guerbet醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠的临界胶束浓度和胶团的聚集数.结果表明,用稳态荧光探针法得到的临界胶束浓度（CMC）数值与表面张力法相差不大.结合临界胶束浓度、胶束微环境的极性和胶束聚集数的变化规律,推测了这类表面活性剂形成的胶束聚集体的结构形态.     

磺基琥珀酸烷基聚氧乙烯醚单酯二钠盐的表面活性研究

合成了一系列磺基琥珀酸烷基聚氧乙烯醚单酯二钠盐，并研究了其表面活性。结果表明，临界胶束浓度随烷基碳原子数或氧乙烯聚合数的增加而减小；烷基碳原子数为１２左右、氧乙烯聚合数为５左右时，该盐具有最佳润湿力和最大起泡力；烷基碳原子被的增加一般有利于泡沫稳定性的提高。     

α-sulfonated fatty acid esters: II. Solution behavior of α-sulfonated fatty acid polyethylene glycol esters

Sodium α-sulfonated, fatty acid polyethylene glycol monoesters [C _m H_2m+1CH(SO₃Na)COO(C₂H₄O) _n H] and diesters [C _m H_2m+1CH(SO₃Na)COO(C₂H₄O) _n COCH(SO₃Na)C _m H_2m+1], wherem=10–16 andn=1–35, were prepared by esterification of α-sulfonated, fatty acids with polyethylene glycols, followed by neutralization with NaOH. Crude products were purified by reversed-phase column chromatography on an octadecyl-modified silica gel. Characteristic solution behavior of these α-sulfonated fatty acid esters was, examined, and the following features were observed. All monoesters prepared in this work had Krafft points below 0°C and also possessed good calcium stabilities. Critical micelle concentrations of the monoesters increased monotonously, as a rule, with an increase in the number of oxyethylene units. These results suggest that the polyethylene glycol residue of the monoester behaves as a hydrophile. On the other hand, diesters possessed high water solubility, low foamability, and critical micelle concentrations that were lower by a factor of ten compared to those of the monoesters.     

分子内电荷转移荧光探针法测定表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度

研究了分子内电荷转移荧光体4-二甲氨基查尔酮(DMAC)在表面活性剂水溶液中的荧光光谱。观察到随表面活性剂浓度增大,DMAC 的荧光光谱先红移然后蓝移,而荧光强度呈“S”型变化并于光谱位移方向转折处突跃。突跃处对应的表面活性剂浓度即为其临界胶束浓度(cmc)。结果表明由该法测定的 cmc 与已报道值符合,说明方法的可行性与准确性。用该法测定表面活性剂/β-环糊精混合体系的 cmc,表明β-环糊精的存在诱导了胶束的形成。     

Dynamics of casein micelles in skim milk during and after high pressure treatment

The effect of high hydrostatic pressure on turbidity of skim milk was measured in situ together with casein micelle size distribution. High pressure (HP) treatment reduced the turbidity of milk with a stronger pressure dependency between 50 and 300 MPa when the temperature was decreased from 20 to 5 °C, while at 30 °C (50–150 MPa) turbidity exceeded that of untreated milk. At 250 and 300 MPa turbidity decreased extremely. During pressurization of milk at 250 and 300 MPa, the turbidity initially decreased, but treatments longer than 10 min increased the turbidity progressively, indicating that re-association followed dissociation of casein micelles. Especially at 40 °C and at 250 and 300 MPa, the turbidity increased beyond untreated milk. Dynamic light scattering was used to investigate casein micelle sizes in milk immediately after long time (up to 4 h) pressurization at 250 and 300 MPa and casein micelle size distributions were bimodal with micelle sizes markedly smaller and markedly larger than those of untreated milk. Pressure modified casein micelles present after treatment of milk at 250 and 300 MPa were concluded to be highly unstable, since the larger micelles induced by pressure showed marked changes toward smaller particle sizes in milk left at ambient pressure.     

蚕丝纤维在反胶束体系中的染色性

选用聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂，以正辛醇为助表面活性剂在异辛烷中形成反胶束体系．讨论了非离子表面活性剂和正辛醇的用量对反胶京中饱和增溶水量的影响．分别用酸性橙Ⅱ、弱酸性艳红B和真接耐晒桃红BK对蚕丝纤维在该反胶束体系中进行染色，将染色结果与蚕丝纤维在传统水浴染色条件下的染色结果进行对比，发现酸性橙Ⅱ在传统水浴中的染色性能优于在反胶束体系中的染色性能，弱酸性艳红B在反胶束体系中的染色性能略差，直接耐晒桃红BK在反胶束体系中的染色性能大大优于其在传统水浴中的染色性能．讨论了反胶束中增溶的相对水量w对染色性能的影响，w值越大，染色效果越好．     

Synthesis and evaluation of new amphiphilic polyethylene glycol-based triblock copolymer surfactants

We report in this investigation the synthesis of a new series of amphiphilic ABA-triblock copolymers consisting of double-chain hydrophobic moieties (A) of different chain lengths attached to each end of polyethylene glycols of different molecular weights (B). The identities of the prepared compounds were confirmed by elemental and Fourier transform infrared analyses. The prepared compounds showed good water solubility. Some of their surface properties, such as the critical micelle concentration, effectiveness of water surface tension reduction, surface excess concentration, standard free energies of adsorption and micellization, and surface area per molecule, were determined.     

反胶束体系制备高度单分散、小粒径量子点的研究进展

阐述了反胶束体系制备纳米量子点的反应原理及影响因素,并介绍了制备方面取得的最新进展。最后,展望了应用反胶束体系制备纳米量子点的美好前景。     

分子动力学模拟研究盐离子对十二烷基硫酸钠胶束溶液中亲水亲油协调机制的影响

The presence of salt has a profound effect on the size, shape and structure of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles. There have been a great number of experiments on SDS micelles in the presence and absence of salt to study this complex problem. Unfortunately, it is not clear yet how electrolyte ions influence the structure of micelles. By describing the compromise between dominant mechanisms, a simplified atomic model of SDS in presence of salt has been developed and the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of two series of systems with different concentrations of salt and charges of ion have been performed. Polydispersity of micelle size is founded at relatively high concentration of SDS and low charge of cation. Although the counter-ion pairs with head groups are formed, the transition of micelle shape is not observed because the charge of cation is not enough to neutralize the polar of micelle surface.