Experimental and analytical study on the spray characteristics of dimethyl ether (DME) and diesel fuels within a common-rail injection system in a diesel engine

This paper investigates the effect of injection parameters on the characteristics of dimethyl ether (DME) as an alternative fuel in a diesel engine with experimental and analytical models based on empirical equations. In order to study macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of DME fuel, this work focuses on the atomization characteristics of DME and compares experimental and predicted results for spray development obtained by empirical models for diesel and DME fuel. Detailed comparisons of spray tip penetration from three different empirical correlations and from visualization experiments of diesel and DME fuels were conducted under various fuel injection conditions. In comparison with the results of different empirical equations for measured spray tip penetration, the experimental results of this study provide good agreement with the calculation results based on empirical equations, except during the earliest stage of the injected spray sequence. The results of atomization characteristics indicate that DME showed better spray characteristics than conventional diesel fuel. Also, the fuel injection delay and maximum injection rate of DME fuel are shorter and lower than those of diesel fuel at the same injection conditions, respectively.     

Synthesis of polyurethane resins and its improvement on dimensional stability and finishing performances of medium‐ and small‐diameter softwoods

This study analyzed the effects of polyurethane (PU) resin treatments on surface homogeneity, dimensional stability, and finishing performances of medium‐ and small‐diameter softwoods produced in Taiwan. Two‐pack PU resins were prepared by combing short castor oil‐modified alkyd resin serving as a polyol with polymeric 4,4′‐diphenymethane diisocyanate (PMDI) serving as a hardener, by the molar ratio of NCO/OH+COOH of 1.2. Four types of short oil‐modified alkyd resins with different polyhydric alcohols (glycerin and pentaerythritol) and polybasic acids (phthalic anhydride and isophthalic acid) were synthesized. Three kinds of medium‐ and small‐diameter softwoods, including China fir, Taiwanina, and Japanese fir with a diameter of 10–15 cm were obtained from Hui‐Sun Forest Station, Taiwan. The wood coating of nitrocellulose (NC) lacquer including sanding sealer and top clear was used. Results show that the surface hardness, homogeneity, moisture excluding efficiency, and antiswelling efficiency of woods were enhanced by PU resin treatments. Among all the PU resins, the isophthalic acid and pentaerythritol‐containing PU resin (IPA‐P‐MDI) achieved the best improved efficiency on dimensional stability of woods. Results of two types of finishing procedure, i.e. NC lacquer sanding sealer plus top clear and top clear only, applied onto the PU‐treated woods revealed that the hardness, adhesion, and durability of NC lacquer films on the PU‐treated wood were superior to those of untreated one, especially for top clear finishing alone. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

磨矿分级自动控制系统在选矿厂的运用

介绍了磨矿分级自动控制系统的控制原理、功能，以及在实际生产中的应用效果，以期推动磨矿自动系统在矿山中的应用。     

GJ5×2双槽剥片机及其在高岭土剥片中的应用

GJ5×2大型双槽剥片机是国内超细物料加工中最新出现的超细磨/剥片设备,也是目前国内这一领域内最大规格的设备,已成功应用于煤系硬质高岭土剥片中,单机能力可达1.5～2.0t/h,产品细度可达小于2μm颗粒占85%～90%。     

Rail defects: an overview

For about 150 years, the steel rail has been at the very heart of the world's railway systems. The rail works in a harsh environment and, as part of the track structure, it has little redundancy; thus, its failure may lead to catastrophic derailment of vehicles, the consequences of which can include death, injury, costs and loss of public confidence. These can have devastating and long‐lasting effects on the industry. Despite the advances being made in railway permanent way engineering, inspection and rail‐making technology, continually increasing service demands have resulted in rail failure continuing to be a substantial economic burden and a threat to the safe operation of virtually every railway in the world. This paper presents an overview of rail defects and their consequences from the earliest days of railways to the present day.     

S28-248型偏心BDC钻头的研制与应用

为了提高中原油田沙3中至沙4段四开小井眼的钻井速度,有效地解决易卡钻、钻速低、成本高以及小间隙井眼固井质量差等问题,中原油田与川石·克里斯坦森金刚石钻头有限公司合作,研制开发了用于深部小井眼钻井的149.2mm的S28-248型偏心BDC钻头。详细介绍了该钻头的设计特点及现场应用情况。     

一种微粉碎新设备——离心碎磨一体机

介绍一种离心碎磨一体机的工作原理、构造和特点 ,分析了碎磨机理及应用前景     

提高拉刀耐用度的挤压工艺

拉刀在刃磨过程中存在不易获得定值前角且会降低刀具硬度等问题，为此设计了拉刀前刀面挤压工艺．该工艺简便易行，一把拉刀可挤压5—8次，效益好。使用证明，经挤压加工后的拉刀加工的零件精度高，且拉刀的使用寿命可提高30%以上。     

干磨干选工艺在赤城选矿厂中的应用

赤城鑫宇选矿厂工艺流程设计中采用了干磨干选的新工艺，用来处理全铁品位为13％左右的原矿。该工艺中将原矿用干式棒磨机磨至4mm～0mm，然后进行干式磁选甩尾，甩尾产率达到36％，甩尾后原矿TFe位可达到18％，提高了入湿磨、选别的品位，有效地降低了下段磨矿的费用。该工艺投入运行后，生产情况良好。     

国外工具磨床发展现状

本文综述了近睥来国外工具磨床技术的发展现状，介绍了由CNC技术带来的几种新的磨削方法，分析了当代工具磨床典型产品的技术水平。