一株产几丁质脱乙酰酶海洋细菌的Rhodococcus hoagii筛选、鉴定及酶学性质

从连云港高公岛海域采集的海泥中使用平板变色圈法初筛和摇瓶发酵复筛后,获得一株产几丁质脱乙酰酶的菌株MCDAⅡ-2。综合形态学特征以及16SrDNA序列分析最终将菌株MCDAⅡ-2鉴定为Rhodococcus hoagii。进而研究其酶学性质,得该几丁质脱乙酰酶最适催化温度为35℃,最适pH为8.0。Na^+、Mg^2+、Li+、Sr^2+对酶促反应起到促进作用,Ca^2+、Ba^2+、Co^2+、Cd^2+、Fe^2+及EDTA对酶促反应起到了抑制作用,而K^+对酶促反应影响较小。酶在25℃~35℃时较稳定,在中性和弱碱性条件下稳定性较好。本次研究的结果将为几丁质脱乙酰酶的工业化应用奠定基础。     

一株产几丁质脱乙酰酶丝状真菌的发酵条件优化研究

针对已筛选出的一株能生产几丁质脱乙酰酶(CDA)的海洋丝状真菌,考察其最佳发酵培养基和发酵条件。通过单因素与正交实验得出该菌的最佳产酶条件为:初始p H为6.0,发酵温度为30℃,发酵时间为108 h,葡萄糖浓度7 g/L,酵母浸膏浓度7 g/L,氯化钙浓度0.75 g/L,几丁质浓度1.25 g/L,Na Cl浓度为1.4%。通过酶活的测定,发现该丝状真菌合成的几丁质脱乙酰酶主要是胞外酶。在最佳发酵条件下该丝状真菌的最高CDA胞外酶活为21.37 U/m L。是一株具有开发潜力的几丁质脱乙酰酶生产菌株。      

Anticancer Activity and Mechanisms of Action of New Chimeric EGFR/HDAC-Inhibitors

New chimeric inhibitors targeting the epidermal growth factor (EGFR) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) were synthesized and tested for antineoplastic efficiency in solid cancer (prostate and hepatocellular carcinoma) and leukemia/lymphoma cell models. The most promising compounds, 3BrQuin-SAHA and 3ClQuin-SAHA, showed strong inhibition of tumor cell growth at one-digit micromolar concentrations with IC₅₀ values similar to or lower than those of clinically established reference compounds SAHA and gefitinib. Target-specific EGFR and HDAC inhibition was demonstrated in cell-free kinase assays and Western blot analyses, while unspecific cytotoxic effects could not be observed in LDH release measurements. Proapoptotic formation of reactive oxygen species and caspase-3 activity induction in PCa and HCC cell lines DU145 and Hep-G2 seem to be further aspects of the modes of action. Antiangiogenic potency was recognized after applying the chimeric inhibitors on strongly vascularized chorioallantoic membranes of fertilized chicken eggs (CAM assay). The novel combination of two drug pharmacophores against the EGFR and HDACs in one single molecule was shown to have pronounced antineoplastic effects on tumor growth in both solid and leukemia/lymphoma cell models. The promising results merit further investigations to further decipher the underlying modes of action of the novel chimeric inhibitors and their suitability for new clinical approaches in tumor treatment.     

Effects of 4-Hexylresorcinol on Craniofacial Growth in Rats

4-Hexylresorcinol (4HR) has been used as a food additive, however, it has been recently demonstrated as a Class I histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi). Unlike other HDACi, 4HR can be taken through foods. Unfortunately, some HDACi have an influence on craniofacial growth, therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 4HR on craniofacial growth. Saos-2 cells (osteoblast-like cells) were used for the evaluation of HDACi and its associated activities after 4HR administration. For the evaluation of craniofacial growth, 12.8 mg/kg of 4HR was administered weekly to 4 week old rats (male: 10, female: 10) for 12 weeks. Ten rats were used for untreated control (males: 5, females: 5). Body weight was recorded every week. Serum and head samples were collected at 12 weeks after initial administration. Craniofacial growth was evaluated by micro-computerized tomography. Serum was used for ELISA (testosterone and estrogen) and immunoprecipitation high-performance liquid chromatography (IP-HPLC). The administration of 4HR (1–100 μM) showed significant HDACi activity (p < 0.05). Body weight was significantly different in male rats (p < 0.05), and mandibular size was significantly smaller in 4HR-treated male rats with reduced testosterone levels. However, the mandibular size was significantly higher in 4HR treated female rats with increased growth hormone levels. In conclusion, 4HR had HDACi activity in Saos-2 cells. The administration of 4HR on growing rats showed different responses in body weight and mandibular size between sexes.     

产几丁质脱乙酰酶海洋细菌的筛选鉴定及产酶条件优化

从海洋样品中筛选产几丁质脱乙酰酶的细菌,对高产菌株进行鉴定,并利用响应面法优化其发酵条件。结果表明,利用添加硝基乙酰苯胺的平板,根据黄色变色圈从海州湾海域海泥样品中筛选获得一株产几丁质脱乙酰酶的细菌MCDA3-3。通过形态学、生理生化特征以及16S rDNA序列分析,将该菌株鉴定为海洋硝酸盐还原菌（Nitratireductor aquimarinus）。利用单因素和响应面法优化菌株MCDA3-3发酵产酶培养基和培养条件,获得最佳发酵培养基配方为木薯淀粉1.1%,玉米浆1.0%,FeCl3·6H2O 0.045%,陈海水配制,pH 5.7;最佳发酵条件为接种量4%,30 ℃、180 r/min发酵48 h。在此条件下酶活为4.07 U/mL,是优化前的2.3倍。