硝酸银电位滴定法测定外加剂中氯离子含量的不确定评定

依据JJF 1059-1999测量不确定度评定与表示,从试剂纯度、摩尔质量、电子天平称量、容量瓶、滴定管、移液管、酸度计、重复性测试等影响因素引入的不确定度分量,对以硝酸银溶液用电位滴定法测定外加剂中氯离子含量进行不确定度评估。分析了测定过程中不确定度来源,量化不确定度分量,求出了合成不确定度和扩展不确定度,给出了测定结果的表示式为(5.43±0.30)%,k=2。     

碳纳米管-聚碳硅烷陶瓷先驱体的制备研究

通过化学修饰得到一种改性的碳纳米管,可均匀分散于聚碳硅烷中形成一种碳纳米管掺混的陶瓷先驱体CNT-PCS,实验表明,该CNT_PCS熔体的流动指数大于1,粘流活化能为195．4kJ／mol。该新型先驱体可用于制备高性能碳纳米管增强碳化硅陶瓷材料,也可进行熔融纺丝,以制备碳纳米管增强的碳化硅纤维。     

AgCl/BiOCl 片组装纳米花球的合成及光催化性能研究

以硝酸铋(Bi(NO_3)_3·5H_2O)、硝酸银(AgNO_3)、氯化钾(KCl)为原料,通过无模板、无加热、无表面活性剂的绿色化学方法制备了BiOCl片组装纳米花球,并在它的基础上采用浸渍法负载AgCl实现了对它的改性。以罗丹明B(RhB)和甲基橙(MO)为光催化反应降解模型,进行了光催化活性测试,考察了不同浸渍次数的AgCl对BiOCl光催化剂反应活性和稳定性的影响。用XRD、SEM、EDS、UV-Vis吸收光谱等手段对其结构、形貌、光谱吸收性能等进行了表征。研究表明,AgCl改性的BiOCl复合光催化剂的光催化性能明显优于纯BiOCl,当浸渍2遍时,光催化降解RhB活性最佳,当浸渍5遍时,光催化降解MO活性最佳。     

氯化铵对Al粉材料直接氮化的影响

分析了NH4Cl对Al粉直接氮化程度的促进作用,并采用实验的方法进行验证.实验中对NH4 Cl的含量比例进行优化,并通过XRD、SEM、XRF和EDS进行测试、分析和表征.结果表明,当铝粉与NH4Cl的质量比不同时,NH4Cl对Al粉直接氮化起到不同程度的促进作用,产物表现为不同的外观形貌、不同的含量及不尽相同的结晶情况.当Al粉与NH4Cl的质量比为9∶4时,反应产物氮化铝纳米线的含量比较多,且外观形貌最好,结晶情况最佳.最后,结合V-S机制对NH4Cl促进AlN纳米线的生长机理进行了解释.     

纳米水滑石结构表征及其对氯离子吸附性能

以天然菱镁矿为原料,采用尿素法制备纳米Mg-Zn-Al水滑石、Zn-Mg-Al-Fe水滑石,用XRD、SEM对水滑石的结构特征、晶粒尺寸进行表征,并利用水滑石的层间阴离子交换性及结构“记忆效应”,来研究焙烧态水滑石对溶液中氯离子的吸附性能.结果表明:Zn-Mg-Al水滑石的结晶度比Mg-Al水滑石、Zn-Mg-Al-Fe水滑石的高,同时Zn-Mg-Al水滑石的粒径非常均匀,尺寸在20 nm左右,为层片状结构,而且其晶体形貌呈现花瓣状结构;在Mg-Al水滑石中,随着n(Mg)∶n(Al)的增加,溶液中Cl-的去除率逐渐提高,且在n(Mg)∶n(Al) =4时去除率最大,为85.96％;当n(M2+)∶n(M3+)固定为2时,Zn-Mg-Al水滑石对Cl-的去除率要比Mg-Al水滑石对Cl-的去除率高13.25％,但Zn-Mg-Al-Fe水滑石对Cl-的去除率却比Mg-Al水滑石低32.53％.     

含金高砷高硫精矿综合回收有价金属

采用二段焙烧—氯化挥发工艺从含金高砷高硫精矿中综合回收有价金属。结果表明,一段弱氧化700℃,二段强氧化850℃条件下,砷和硫的脱除率分别到97.6%和99%;在烧渣磨矿粒度-0.038mm占73%、配5%CaCl2、2%膨润土制团后在1 250℃氯化焙烧2h的条件下,金、银、铅、锌的挥发率分别为96.5%、73.3%、94.6%和75.3%,球团铁品位在60%以上,球团强度2 500N。     

316L不锈钢波纹管膨胀节开裂原因分析与预防

某厂的316L不锈钢波纹管膨胀节在使用近3a(年)发生了穿透性开裂。采用化学成分分析、宏观及微观检验等方法对该波纹管膨胀节开裂的原因进行了分析。结果表明:氯化物应力腐蚀开裂是该波纹管开裂的主要原因,并提出了相应的预防措施。     

生鲜牛乳中氯化物的测定

本试验采用间接沉淀滴定法测定生鲜牛乳中的氯化钠含量,试液经酸化后,加入过量的硝酸银溶液,以硫酸铁铵为指示剂,用硫氰酸钾标准溶液滴定过量的硝酸银,根据硫氰酸钾溶液的消耗量,计算生鲜牛乳中氯化钠的含量。     

Investigation of the charge/discharge characteristics of aqueous zinc–ferric chloride batteries

In a Zn–FeCl₃ battery, zinc granules were used as the anode and ammonium chloride as the electrolyte in both the anode and cathode zones, with ferric chloride as the active cathode substance and carbon felt as an inert cathode. A PE-01 homogeneous membrane was used as the membrane between the anode and cathode zones, with 100 ml of solution in both the anode and cathode zones. The charge/discharge characteristic of the battery was investigated for various concentrations of ferric chloride and ammonium chloride. At present, there are still some difficulties in using this zinc–ferric chloride battery as a rechargeable battery because zinc cannot be electrodeposited very well. However, it can possibly be used as a fuel cell and the operating lifetime of the fuel cell is very long. The actual energy density of a Zn–FeCl₃ fuel cells is approximately equal to the actual energy density of a Pb–PbO₂ battery. When a mixed solution of 2 M ferric chloride and 2 M ammonium chloride was used in the cathode zone with 4–5 M ammonium chloride in the anode zone, a better discharge characteristic was obtained, with a discharge time of approximately 14–15 h at 5 Ω. The most remarkable advantages for Zn–FeCl₃ fuel cell are that both zinc and ferric chloride are very cheap and environmentally friendly, with flat discharge voltage characteristics.     

Effect of salt concentration on poly (vinyl chloride)/poly (acrylonitrile) based hybrid polymer electrolytes

Hybrid, solid polymer electrolyte films consisting of poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC), poly (acrylonitrile) (PAN) and, propylene carbonate (PC) with different concentrations of LiClO₄ are prepared by means of a using solvent-casting technique. The structure and complex formation are studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The temperature dependence of the ionic conductivities of the polymer films is explained in terms of a free volume model. The conductivities of PVC–PAN–LiClO₄–PC complexes are determined at different salt concentrations. The highest ionic conductivity (8.35 × 10⁻⁵ S cm⁻¹) is obtained for 8 wt.% LiClO₄ in the polymer complex at 304 K. The thermal stability of the electrolyte is examined by thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA).