反应热压(Al2O3+TiB2+Al3Ti)/Al复合材料的组织形成机制

采用B或B2O3、TiO2和Al粉反应热压制备了原位 (Al2O3 TiB2 Al3Ti)/Al复合材料,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜分析了原位复合材料的显微组织.热压状态下,反应生成相Al3Ti呈大块不规则形状,尺寸约几十微米; Al2O3和TiB2为细小弥散质点,TEM分析发现TiB2颗粒呈六边形,而Al2O3颗粒呈等轴状.在以Al粉、TiO2粉和B粉为原料制备的复合材料中,除反应生成了大块的Al3Ti相外,还有细小针状Al3Ti相沉淀析出,且呈弥散分布.热挤压后大块的Al3Ti被破碎成细小弥散质点.Al2O3在TiO2和B2O3粉末表面生成; TiB2在B或B2O3粉表面形成,因而均呈弥散分布,且尺寸细小.自TiO2中还原出的Ti溶入液态Al中形成Al3Ti时,Ti可在液态Al中长距离扩散,因而Al3Ti呈大块不规则状.     

Densification and compressive strength ofin-situ processed Ti/TiB composites by powder metallurgy

In the present study, the densification of Ti/TiB composites, the growth behavior ofin-situ formed TiB reinforcement, the effects of processing variables — such as reactant powder (TiB₂, B₄C), sintering temperature and time — on the microstructures and the mechanical properties ofin-situ processed Ti/TiB composites have been investigated. Mixtures of TiB₂ or B₄C powder with pure titanium powder were compacted and presintered at 700°C for 1 hr followed by sintering at 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, and 1300°C, respectively, for 3hrs. Some specimens were sintered at 1000°C for various times in order to study the formation behavior of TiB reinforcementin-situ formed within the pure Ti matrix. TiB reinforcements were formed through different mechanisms, such as the formation of fine TiB and the formation of coarse TiB by Ostwald ripening or the coalescence of fine TiB. There was no crystallographic relationship between TiB reinforcement and the matrix. There were voids at the interface between the TiB reinforcement and the Ti matrix due to the preferential growth of coarse TiB without a particular crystallographic relationship with pure Ti matrix and the surface energy between the Ti matrix and TiB reinforcements. Therefore, the densification of Ti/TiB₂ compacts was hindered by the preferential growth of coarse TiB reinforcements. The mechanical properties ofin-situ processed composites were evaluated by measuring the compressive yield strength at ambient and high temperatures. The compressive yield strength of thein situ processed composites was higher than that of the Ti-6A1-4V alloy. It was also found that the compressive yield strength of the composite made from TiB₂ reactant powder was higher than that of the composite made from B₄C at the same volume fraction of reinforcement. A crack path examination suggested that the bonding nature of interface between matrix and reinforcement made from TiB₂ reactant powder was better than that made from B₄C.     

TiB2/Al颗粒增强铝基复合材料颗粒分布的计算与分析

本文概述了TiB2 /Al复合材料制备过程中的颗粒分布的计算数值分析有关影响因素及理论 ,并通过实际测量和数值计算相比较 ,得出相应的结论。从定量和定性角度利用a =da/dp(晶粒与颗粒直径之比 )来说明颗粒均匀性。另外 ,介绍和分析了计算方法和影响因素的处理。结果表明 ,计算结果和实际测量吻合较好 ,对微观分析具有指导意义。     

TiB2/Ti-Al复合材料中棒状TiB2晶体的微观特征

用XDTM法制备了TiB2/Ti-Al复合材料并利用XRD、SEM和TEM对复合材料的相组成和微观组织进行了研究.结果表明:复合材料中棒状TiB2的{1010}面存在与[0001]晶向垂直的薄片状凸耳,其厚度一般小于0.2μm,伸出表面高度可达4μm,并且这些凸耳的晶面取向与棒状TiB2本身是相同的;棒状TiB2一般以垂直交叉的十字或数个十字构成的辐射状形式分布于α2/γ层片基体中;在较快的凝固过程中,棒状TiB2固-液界面前沿产生的富Al、Ti边界层和随着棒状TiB2晶体的长大,导致固-液界面上B原子过饱和度不均匀性增加,共同作用使固-液界面失稳,从而形成了棒状TiB2的形貌特征.     

Microstructure and properties of TiB/Ti-6Al-4V coatings produced with laser treatments

TiB/Ti-6Al-4V metal-matrix composite (MMC) layers were produced on Ti-6Al-4V substrates by laser cladding. A TiB₂/Ti powder mixture was used as a precursor to obtain a dispersion of TiB needles in the Ti alloy matrix, with the aid of an exothermic reaction between TiB₂ and Ti. A eutectic microstructure was obtained that consisted of an extremely homogeneous dispersion of TiB eutectic needles in the Ti alloy matrix, having a volume fraction as high as 0.33. Also, an equilibrium-like microstructure was found, consisting of a dispersion of both primary and eutectic TiB needles inside the Ti alloy matrix. An analysis of the geometry of the layers was performed and proved successful in determining the percentage of B. Further, it correctly predicted the variation of atomic B content as a function of laser power. The relative wear resistance coefficient, defined as the wear coefficient of the uncoated matrix divided by that of coating, shows an improvement by a factor as high as 1500 for the eutectic microstructure. This paper was presented at the 2nd International Surface Engineering Congress sponsored by ASM International, on September 15–17, 2003, in Indianapolis, Indiana, and appeared on pp. 411–18 of the Proceedings.     

热喷涂制备TiB2涂层的研究进展

TiB2具有优良的性能和潜在的应用前景,采用粉末冶金制备致密块体材料的工艺复杂、成本高昂,限制了它的应用.涂层技术则是简化制备工艺、降低制造成本的有效手段.本文综述了热喷涂制备TiB2涂层的工艺特点以及TiB2物理化学特性对热喷涂制备工艺的影响,提出通过粉体复合技术改善TiB2粉体的物性,满足热喷涂工艺要求,从而获得高质量涂层的措施.     

颗粒增强钛基复合材料研究新进展

颗粒增强钛基复合材料具有高比强度、低密度、高弹性模量等特点，成为钛基复合材料的发展趋势。目前日本的Toyota公司采用粉末冶金技术制备了原位反应生成的TiB颗粒增强钛基复合材料，已在汽车发动机进、排气阀等部件得到应用。美国Dynamet公司开发了颗粒增强钛基复合材料CermeTi系列，利用其好的耐磨性能在军事、汽车、体育、医疗器械方面进行了开发。我国西北有色金属研究院研制出了性能优异的TP-650钛基复合材料，并且上海交通大学等亦在原位反应法方面作出了较好的结果。     

TiB2/Cu复合材料用于电火花加工电极的可行性探讨

从分析电火花加工对电极材料的基本要求入手，结合TiB2／Cu复合材料在目前制备工艺条件下所获得的电学、力学性能等特性，采用对比研究的方法，探讨将其作为电火花加工电极材料的可行性。     

原位反应制备细颗粒TiB2增强铝基复合材料研究

热力学分析和试验结果证实，KBF4、Ti反应剂以一定的Ti／B原子比混合加入熔体，最终反应生成单一TiB2相，能抑制TiAl3等其它相的产生。在此基础上，分析比较了反应剂混合粉以预制块形式加入、气流载入熔体两工艺条件下的TiB2颗粒分布、大小。结果表明：通过氩气流载入反应混合粉，并快速搅拌熔体，可克服TiB2颗粒在晶界的团聚，细化颗粒，获得颗粒小于0．5um、且较均匀分布的TiB2／Al复合材料。     

Ti合金插层厚度对反应连接TiB_2基陶瓷/Ti-6Al-4V梯度复合材料的影响

将Ti合金插层引入(Ti+B_4C)反应原料和Ti合金底板之间,研究Ti合金插层厚度变化对超重力反应连接TiB2基陶瓷/Ti-6Al-4V梯度复合材料界面显微组织与力学性能的影响。热力学计算表明:合成反应的绝热温度远超Ti合金的熔点,可以保证不同厚度的Ti合金插层全部熔化。XRD、FESEM及EDS分析结果表明:在陶瓷和Ti合金底板之间形成梯度界面区,且随着Ti合金插层厚度的增加,梯度界面区的厚度也不断增大。自陶瓷基体至Ti合金底板,TiB_2和TiC_(1-x)的体积分数不断减少,而TiB的体积分数先增加而后减少,最终形成以TiB_2、TiC_(1-x)及TiB陶瓷相尺寸和分布为特征的梯度复合结构。而梯度连接区的硬度分布趋势更加平缓,其剪切强度不断提升。