地表参数对面源大气预测结果的影响性分析研究

为了研究地表参数取值对AERMOD中面源模拟预测浓度值的影响,文章通过改变粗糙度、反照率和波文比的取值来进行不同地表参数与预测结果的相关性分析,同时采用正交试验法来研究不同地表参数对预测结果的敏感性.相关性分析表明,不同地表参数和预测结果有着很高的相关性.敏感性分析表明,反照率数值变化对小时最大落地浓度的敏感性最大,粗糙度数值变化对日均和年均最大落地浓度的敏感性最大.通过研究可以看出在面源大气预测过程中合理选择地表参数值是准确预测的前提.     

缺失烟囱参数估算及其应用对空气质量模拟结果的改进

针对源清单中部分点源烟囱参数缺失而采用源排放模型SMOKE(Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions)默认的烟囱参数对空气质量模型模拟结果造成的不利影响,综合考虑气象观测数据、空气质量监测数据、源排放强度以及相关标准和规范对烟囱设计的要求,分别基于最大落地浓度法和基于统计方法对2009年珠三角地区源清单中缺失烟囱参数点源的烟囱参数进行了估算,并将估算烟囱参数用在WRF/SMOKE-PRD/CMAQ空气质量模型系统分析其对模型模拟的改善情况.相比于采用SMOKE默认烟囱参数,基于最大落地浓度估算烟囱参数对NO2、NOx、SO2、PM10及O3的模拟结果均具有一定改善作用,而基于统计方法估算烟囱参数仅对SO2、O3的模拟结果有所提高.结果表明,使用基于最大落地浓度法估算得到的烟囱参数更为合理,使污染物的垂直排放分配更加合理,可以应用于空气质量模型输入源清单中缺失烟囱参数点源的估算,从而一定程度上改善空气质量模型的模拟效果.     

Vulcan_(42)消解—原子荧光测定土壤和沉积物中的砷汞

建立了全自动样品处理系统Vulcan 42-原子荧光光度法测定土壤和沉积物中砷和汞的方法。准确称取0.2500 g样品,经Vulcan42全自动消解系统消解后,采用原子荧光光度计测定砷和汞的含量。运用该方法砷的检出限为0.11 mg/kg,回收率在96%¹01%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.3%101%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.3%⁴.5%之间;汞的检出限为0.003 mg/kg,回收率在90%4.5%之间;汞的检出限为0.003 mg/kg,回收率在90%¹08%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.5%108%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.5%⁴.7%之间。     

低C/N条件下MUCT工艺数学模型的参数校正与验证

基于ASM2d模型建立了稳定运行的MUCT工艺营养物质去除过程的动力学反应模型,比较各种COD、TN、NH 4＋-N、TP的实测值和模拟值,以确定系统在低C/N条件下运行时的动力学和化学计量学参数.模拟结果表明,稳态模型中的动力学参数qPHA、KA、KPP、YPO3-4、μAUT和ηNO-3分别取值2.90 g.（g.d）-1、3.85 g.m-3、1.35 g.（g.d）-1、0.35、1.6和0.8.其他的动力学和化学计量学参数可采用IWA给出的默认值.     

可吸入颗粒物污染与气象因子的关系

对闸北区空气自动监测站2009年SO2、NO2、PM10的浓度和气象参数变化特征进行研究,可吸入颗粒物的时间变化特征表明,总体上呈现冬春季高、夏秋季低;PM10与降水量、相对湿度、温度呈现一定的负相关性,但与风速的相关性随季节不同而不同,与气压略呈正相关性。对典型日和灰霾日PM10、SO2、NO2以及相应气象因子的特征进行了分析比较。     

沈阳城市化进程对大气边界层影响研究

利用沈阳气象站2000-2010年高空观测数据,统计分析了各年探空温度和风速曲线,还依据统计得到的中性层结风速廓线资料,利用莫宁-奥布霍夫相似理论计算了下垫面的空气动力学参数,综合研究了沈阳城市化进程对大气边界层的影响。结果表明:(1)随着城市化进程的发展,地面平均温度呈逐年升高的趋势,但升温幅度很小;高层温度也有增加的趋势,增温幅度很小。(2)垂直温度递减率有增加的趋势,这表示城市化程度的发展对边界层的影响也是显著的。(3)由于下垫面城市化程度的提高,在不同高度上风速都有不同程度的减小的趋势。(4)摩擦速度逐年增加,对风速的消减作用逐渐增强;粗糙度逐年增高和零平面位移逐年增大,可见沈阳下垫面城市化的程度逐年增加。     

脱色剂Z60去除焦化废水色度的应用研究

在单因素影响试验基础上用正交实验法研究了脱色剂Z60对焦化废水色度的去除效果,对最佳反应时间、温度、药剂投加量进行了初步试验研究,试验表明：在搅拌强度满足均匀混合条件下,反应温度25oC,絮凝沉降时间40min,色度去除率达80％以上,色度低于50倍。     

Denitrification potential enhancement by addition of external carbon sources in a pre-denitrification process

The aim of this study is to investigate the denitrification potential enhancement by addition of external carbon sources and to estimate the denitrification potential for the predenitrification system using nitrate utilization rate （NUR） batch tests. It is shown that the denitrification potential can be substantially increased with the addition of three external carbon sources, i.e. methanol, ethanol, and acetate, and the denitrification rates of ethanol, acetate, and methanol reached up to 9.6, 12, and 3.2 mgN/（g VSS.h）, respectively, while that of starch wastewater was only 0.74 mgN/（g VSS,h）. By comparison, ethanol was found to be the best external carbon source. NUR batch tests with starch wastewater and waste ethanol were carried out. The denitfification potential increased from 5.6 to 16.5 mg NO3-N/L owing to waste ethanol addition. By means of NUR tests, the wastewater characteristics and kinetic parameters can be estimated, which are used to determine the denitrification potential of wastewater, to calculate the denitrification potential of the plant and to predict the nitrate effluent quality, as well as provide information for developing carbon dosage control strategy.     

Oxidation inhibition of sulfite in dual alkali FGD system

A laboratory-scale well-mixed thermostatic reactor with continuously blasting air was used to investigate the oxidation inhibition of sulfite in dual alkali flue gas desulfurization （FGD） system. The effects of operating parameters such as pH value and catalyst concentration on the oxidation were studied. Sodium thiosulfate was used in the system, and was found that it significantly inhabited the sulfite oxidation. In the absence of catalyst, sodium thiosulfate at 12.67 mmol/L had an inhibition efficiency of approximately 98%. While in the presence of catalyst, sodium thiosulfate at 26.72 mmol/L had an inhibition efficiency less than 85.0%. The oxidation reaction order of sulfite in the sodium thiosulfate was determined to be -1.90 and 4）.55 in the absence and presence of the catalyst, respectively. Apparent activation energy of oxidation inhibition was calculated to be 53.9 kJ/mol. Pilot tests showed that the consumption rate of thiosulfate agreed well with the laboratory-scale experimental results.     

Anaerobic tapered fluidized bed reactor for starch wastewater treatment and modeling using multilayer perceptron neural network

Anaerobic treatability of synthetic sago wastewater was investigated in a laboratory anaerobic tapered fluidized bed reactor(ATFBR) with a mesoporous granular activated carbon(GAC)as a support material.The experimental protocol was defined to examine the effect of the maximum organic loading rate(OLR),hydraulic retention time(HRT),the efficiency of the reactor and to report on its steady- state performance.The reactor was subjected to a steady-state operation over a range of OLR up to 85.44 kg COD/(m~3.d).The COD removal efficiency was found to be 92% in the reactor while the biogas produced in the digester reached 25.38 m~3/(m~3·d) of the reactor. With the increase of OLR from 83.7 kg COD/(m~3.d),the COD removal efficiency decreased.Also an artificial neural network(ANN) model using multilayer perceptron(MLP)has been developed for a system of two input variable and five output dependent variables. For the training of the input-output data,the experimental values obtained have been used.The output parameters predicted have been found to be much closer to the corresponding experimental ones and the model was validated for 30% of the untrained data.The mean square error(MSE)was found to be only 0.0146.