长链烷烃降解菌C6的鉴定及性能研究

从含油活性污泥中筛选出一株长链烷烃降解菌C6,进行了菌种鉴定,考察了该菌对正十六烷及柴油和石蜡的混合物的降解能力,并对由菌株C6产生的生物表面活性剂进行了鉴定。实验结果表明:该菌为鲍曼不动杆菌(Acinetobacterbaumannii);对液体培养基中质量浓度为1 000 mg/L的正十六烷降解48 h后,降解率接近100%,降解动力学曲线的拟合结果符合Monod模型;对液体培养基中质量浓度为1 000 mg/L的柴油和石蜡的混合物降解96 h后,降解率达93%;菌株C6产生的生物表面活性剂经FTIR分析鉴定为磷脂类表面活性剂,排油圈直径为60 mm,临界胶束质量浓度约为25 mg/L,可将水的表面张力降至27.09 mN/m。     

用于催化降解烷基苯磺酸钠的Cu-C催化剂的制备及性能分析

Cu-C是一种优化制备的负载型催化剂,实验中以其催化湿式氧化处理高浓度LAS废水。本实验用浸渍法和附着沉淀法制备该催化剂,并考察了反应时间、反应温度、溶液浓度、催化剂的投加量以及不同的制备方法等对催化剂性能的影响,以水样COD和LAS的去除率来评价催化剂的活性。实验结果表明,该方法制备的催化剂具有很好的处理高浓度LAS废水的能力;当反应温度为50℃,反应时间为120 min,催化剂的投加量为2 g时,催化剂的催化效果最好,COD去除率为79.76%,LAS去除率为88.28%。并且,当活性炭与催化剂的振荡吸附时间超过20 min时,活性炭的吸附对废水中LAS的去除基本上无影响。     

Degradation of organic pollutants in Mediterranean forest soils amended with sewage sludge

The degradation of two groups of organic pollutants in three different Mediterranean forest soils amended with sewage sludge was studied for nine months. The sewage sludge produced by a domestic water treatment plant was applied to soils developed from limestone, marl and sandstone, showing contrasting alkalinity and texture. The compounds analysed were: linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS) with a 10–13 carbon alkylic chain, and nonylphenolic compounds, including nonylphenol (NP) and nonylphenol ethoxylates with one and two ethoxy groups (NP1EO + NP2EO). These compounds were studied because they frequently exceed the limits proposed for sludge application to land in Europe. After nine months, LAS decomposition was 86–96%, and NP + NP1EO + NP2EO decomposition was 61–84%, which can be considered high. Temporal trends in LAS and NP + NP1EO + NP2EO decomposition were similar, and the concentrations of both types of compounds were highly correlated. The decomposition rates were higher in the period of 6–9 months (summer period) than in the period 0–6 months (winter + spring period) for total LAS and NP + NP1EO + NP2EO. Differences in decay rates with regard to soil type were not significant. The average values of decay rates found are similar to those observed in agricultural soils.