Yes I can cook a fish; effects of a five week sensory-based experiential theme course with fish on 11- to 13- year old children’s food literacy and fish eating behaviour – A quasi-experimental study

Danish early-phase adolescents only consume one-third of the officially recommended amount of fish. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of a five week sensory-based experiential theme course with fish on 11- to 13-year old early-phased adolescents’ food literacy and acceptance of fish. Study design was a quasi-experimental intervention. 32 Food Knowledge school classes were recruited from the eastern part of Denmark. Classes were assigned to intervention group (n = 185), control group 1 (n = 123), only baseline and follow-up survey, or control group 2 (n = 75): one oral lecture between baseline and follow-up survey. Mixed methods strategy was applied: baseline and follow-up survey, participant observation, telephone-, and group interviews. Before between study group analysis control groups were pooled. The following key effects of the intervention were observed: knowledge on fish and cooking increased within specific areas, skills related to fish and cooking increased, especially in girls. Furthermore, the social dimension and helping each other were important elements. In the intervention group no positive effects were observed for liking or assessment of fish disgust; however, theme course evaluation showed that 47% had become curious on tasting other kinds of fish and 38% stated a higher liking for fish after participation. Furthermore, teachers reported an increase in acceptance of fish in the children as a result of participating. In conclusion food literacy and fish acceptance were increased through participation in a five week sensory-based experiential theme course with fish.     

DETERMINATION OF TIME-DEPENDENT CONSTITUTIVE MODEL PARAMETERS FOR MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE

ABSTRACT

Material parameters of a time-dependent elasto-viscoplaslic constitutive model, proposed by Adachi and Oka, have been determined for microcrystalline cellulose. Adachi and Oka model has eight material parameters, with five of them (i.e., consolidation index, swelling index, critical index, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio) same as those in the more commonly used in time-independent modified Cam-clay model, and remaining three parameters account for time-dependency. To measure the time-dependent parameters, constant strain-rate conventional triaxial compression (CTC) test was designed and conducted using Penn Slate's flexible-boundary cubical triaxial tester (CTT) with microcrystalline cellulose as the test material. To deposit the powder, the sprinkle filling method was used in a layer by layer fashion with a small spoon. The three time-dependent Adachi and Oka parameters were determined from these tests. Adachi and Oka model was verified by comparing the predicted values from the model with measured values from the CTT at 0.05 level of significance. Results showed that: 1) there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between measured and predicted HTC responses at all loading rates; 2) failure values were predicted accurately (p > 0.05); and 3) there were significant differences (p < 0.05) between measured and predicted CTC responses at all loading rates.     

早龄期H型钢混凝土梁受力性能试验研究及有限元分析

为研究C40早龄期型钢混凝土梁的受力性能，分别对7根H型钢混凝土梁在龄期1、3、7、28 d进行单调静力加载试验, 分析了荷载-位移曲线、荷载-应变曲线和梁早期受荷损伤对后期受力性能的影响。试验结果表明：掺入早强剂的C40型钢混凝土梁1 d的承载力可达到28 d的75.5%；梁的早期受荷损伤对后期28 d龄期的承载力影响不大。在试验研究的基础上，利用非线性有限元分析软件ABAQUS，建立型钢混凝土梁力学模型进行有限元分析，有限元分析结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

绿色建筑开发中多方利益主体行为分析

在绿色建筑开发中，所涉及的多方利益主体会综合考虑各方面的因素，做出各自的行为选择。在分析绿色建筑项目的利益主体范围和层次的基础上，研究绿色建筑涉及的多方利益主体的主要行为，并指出了各主体应完善的行为重点。     

Critical properties in Dy-doped La0.7−xDyxSr0.3MnO3 (x=0.00, 0.03) manganites

The critical properties of La_0.7−xDy_xSr_0.3MnO₃ (x=0.00 and 0.03) manganites elaborated using sol-gel method have been investigated around the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic (FM-PM) phase transition. The X-ray diffraction characterizations show that the parent compound (x=0.00) crystallized in the rhombohedral structure with R-3C space group without any detectable impurity, while doped sample with (x=0.03) crystallized in the orthorhombic structure with Pnma space group. Various techniques such as modified Arrott plots, Kouvel-Fisher method and critical isotherm analysis were used to determine the values of the Curie temperature T_C, as well as the critical exponents β (corresponding to the spontaneous magnetisation), γ (corresponding to the initial susceptibility) and δ (corresponding to the critical magnetisation isotherm). The estimated results are close to those expected by the mean-field model for both samples. The obtained values from critical isotherm M(T_C, μ₀H) are close to those determined using the Widom scaling relation, and all data fall on two distinct branches, one for T<T_C and the other for T>T_C, indicating that the critical exponents obtained in this work are accurate.     

Just-about-right and ideal scaling provide similar insights into the influence of sensory attributes on liking

Just-about-right (JAR) scaling is criticized for measuring attribute intensity and acceptability simultaneously. Using JAR scaling, an attribute is evaluated for its appropriateness relative to one’s hypothetical ideal level that is pre-defined at the middle of a continuum. Alternatively, ideal scaling measures these two constructs separately. Ideal scaling allows participants to rate their ideal freely on the scale (i.e., without assuming the “Too Little” and “Too Much” regions are equal in size). We hypothesized that constraining participants’ ideal to the center point, as is done in the JAR scale, may cause a scaling bias and, thereby, influence the magnitude of “Too Little” and “Too Much”. Furthermore, we hypothesized that the magnitude of “Too Little” and “Too Much” would influence liking to different extents.Coffee-flavored dairy beverages (n = 20) were formulated using a fractional, constrained-mixture design that varied the ratio of water, milk, coffee extract, and sucrose. Participants tasted 4 of 20 prototypes that were served in a monadic sequential order using a balanced incomplete block design. Data reported here are for participants randomly assigned to one of two research conditions: ideal scaling (n = 129) or JAR scaling (n = 132). For both conditions, participants rated overall liking using a 9-point hedonic scale. Four attributes (sweetness, milk flavor, coffee flavor and thickness) were evaluated. The reliability of an individual participant’s ideal rating for an attribute was evaluated using the standard deviation of their ideal ratings (n = 4). All data from a participant were eliminated from further analyses when his/her standard deviation of the ideal ratings for any of the four rated attributes was identified as a statistical outlier. This resulted in the elimination of 15 of 129 (12%) of participants in the ideal scaling group. Multiple linear regression was employed to model liking as a function of “Too Little” or “Too Much” attribute intensities.Mean ideal ratings (averaged across participants) for all four attributes were significantly different from the central point of the scale (i.e., 50). However, coffee flavor was the only attribute for which the mean ideal rating (57.2) fell outside the central 10% (45.0–55.0). Even so, the magnitude of “Too Little” and “Too Much” was not affected by the scaling method. The influence of the magnitude of “Too Little” and “Too Much” on liking was asymmetrical. Both scaling methods agreed that sweetness and coffee flavor were the main sensory attributes affecting liking. Overall, JAR scaling and ideal scaling were comparable for measuring “Too Little” and “Too Much”, and identifying the main factors affecting liking.     

Electrospun Poly(styrene) Fibers as a Protection for the First- and the Second-Generation Grubbs’ Catalyst

The study presents a novel method for protection of the first- and the second-generation Grubbs’ catalyst, by incorporation in poly(styrene) fibers through electrospinning technique. Both catalysts are sensitive to the presence of the amine hardeners in the epoxy-based self-healing composites and require protection from deactivation to retain their ability to promote polymerization reaction of the healing agent. Comparison of healing efficiencies of both catalysts suggested that poly(styrene) fibers offer better protection and dispersion for the first-generation Grubbs’ catalyst, although all the samples exhibited high-healing efficiency. Difference in stereoselectivity between two catalysts was also indicated.     

A comparison between tracer gas and aerosol particles distribution indoors: The impact of ventilation rate,interaction of airflows,and presence of objects

The study investigated the separate and combined effects of ventilation rate, free convection flow produced by a thermal manikin, and the presence of objects on the distribution of tracer gas and particles in indoor air. The concentration of aerosol particles and tracer gas was measured in a test room with mixing ventilation. Three layouts were arranged: an empty room, an office room with an occupant sitting in front of a table, and a single‐bed hospital room. The room occupant was simulated by a thermal manikin. Monodisperse particles of three sizes (0.07, 0.7, and 3.5 μm) and nitrous oxide tracer gas were generated simultaneously at the same location in the room. The particles and gas concentrations were measured in the bulk room air, in the breathing zone of the manikin, and in the exhaust air. Within the breathing zone of the sitting occupant, the tracer gas emerged as reliable predictor for the exposure to all different‐sized test particles. A change in the ventilation rate did not affect the difference in concentration distribution between tracer gas and larger particle sizes. Increasing the room surface area did not influence the similarity in the dispersion of the aerosol particles and the tracer gas.     

An experimental study on the temperature and structural behavior of a concrete wall exposed to fire after a high-velocity impact by a hard projectile

Projectiles, such as turbine blades, can be released in an accident and impact structures. Airplanes and other flying objects can also become impact projectiles. These impacts occasionally cause fire when fire loads, such as oil, fuel, and other combustible materials, are present. This study examines the thermal insulation performance of concrete plates and the structural fire behavior of load-bearing reinforced concrete walls that are exposed to fire after a high-velocity impact by a hard projectile. Impact and fire tests were carried out using small-scale concrete plates and reinforced concrete walls. The results show the influence of local damage and the advantage of short-fiber reinforced concrete subjected to impact loads and fire.     

A Comprehensive Comparison of the Analytical and Numerical Prediction of the Thermal History and Solidification Microstructure of Inconel 718 Products Made by Laser Powder-Bed Fusion

The finite-element (FE) model and the Rosenthal equation are used to study the thermal and microstructural phenomena in the laser powder-bed fusion of Inconel 718. A primary aim is to comprehend the advantages and disadvantages of the Rosenthal equation (which provides an analytical alternative to FE analysis), and to investigate the influence of underlying assumptions on estimated results. Various physical characteristics are compared among the FE model, Rosenthal equation, and experiments. The predicted melt pool shapes compared with reported experimental results from the literature show that both the FE model and the analytical (Rosenthal) equation provide a reasonably accurate estimation. At high heat input, under conditions leading to keyholing, the reported melt width is narrower than predicted by the analytical equation. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis based on choices of the absorptivity is performed, which shows that the Rosenthal approach is more sensitive to absorptivity, compared with the FE approach. The primary reason could be the effect of radiative and convective losses, which are assumed to be negligible in the Rosenthal equation. In addition, both methods predict a columnar solidification microstructure, which agrees well with experimental reports, and the primary dendrite arm spacing (PDAS) predicted with the two approaches is comparable with measurements.