Decision support for AIDS control programmes in Eastern Africa

The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) constitutes the worst hazard to health care systems in Eastern Africa. Misallocation of scarce resources of AIDS Control Programmes will unavoidably lead to additional infections and casualties. The following paper discusses a system dynamics model which allows to assess the impact of different interventions on a pattern population in Eastern Africa. It becomes obvious that short- and long-term consequences of these programmes differ significantly. The optimal allocation of resources, therefore, is highly complex and calls for decision support systems to sustain AIDS control programmes.     

CALS及其在武器装备全寿命管理中的应用

简要介绍了连续采办与全寿命保障(continuous acquisition and life—cycle support，CALS)产生背景，着重研究了CALS的体系结构和关键技术，CALS对武器装备全寿命中各阶段的影响；对我国武器装备实施CALS战略的可能性进行了初步探讨；指出：CALS战略是21世纪武器装备全寿命管理的必然选择。     

Decision Support System for Stakeholder Involvement

Stakeholder involvement is essential to the development of a total maximum daily load (TMDL) and its implementation plan. A tool, beyond a simulation model, is needed to support the decision making process that requires negotiation and compromise among stakeholders. The decision support system (DSS) described herein has a TMDL module to calculate various combinations of point and nonpoint loads that can meet the water quality criteria. Its Consensus module allows stakeholders to formulate, evaluate, modify, and vote for alternatives. The DSS displays bar charts for pollution loads from various subwatersheds and attributes the nonpoint loads to land uses. The water quality consequence of the pollution loads is output in maps, which shows sections meeting criteria in green and those not in red. The DSS requires a front end effort of site specific adaptation and model calibration. An Internet-based stakeholder process was developed to allow more concerned citizens to participate in management decisions.     

A new minimum zone method for evaluating flatness errors

A new minimum zone method for flatnes error analyis is proposed in this article. Based on the criteria for the minimum zone solution and strict rules for data exchange, a simple and rapid algorithm, called the control plane rotation scheme, is developed for the flatness analysis of a flat surface. Experimental work was performed, and some examples are given in terms of the minimum zone and least-squares solutions.     

The development and maturation of humanitarian psychology.

Humanitarian psychological support as an organized field is relatively young. Pioneers in the field were involved primarily in providing psychological support to refugees and internally displaced persons in conflict and nonconflict situations. This article describes basic principles for the design of psychological support programs and interventions. The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) began a psychological support program in 1991. The IFRC chose psychological first aid as its model for implementation in developing countries. Psychological first aid fits all the principles for psychological support program design and is adapted to individual communities. The first generation of psychological support programs differed dramatically depending on the countries in which they were developed. A second generation of psychological support programs evolved in response to the earthquake/tsunami of December 26, 2004. The Inter-Agency Standing Committee international guidelines consolidated the advances of second-generation programs and provided a clear indication of the wide acceptance of the importance of psychological support. A glimpse is provided of the third generation of psychological support programs, and an admonition is made for a more empirical evaluation of the effectiveness of interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

一种新型同位素示踪剂载体及应用

同位素沾污、低注井同位素示踪剂因沉降造成的上返速度慢或无法上返、大孔道地层同位素示踪剂失踪等是影响注水开发油田后期吸水剖面测井资料质量的主要问题。同位素示踪剂载体的物理参数，尤其是其密度，是产生上述问题的重要因素。通过对同位素示踪剂载体技术指标优选而生产的一种新型同位素示踪剂，可以解决低注井同位素上返速度慢的问题，并能有效识别大孔道地层，减少同位素沾污。这种同位素示踪剂载体已在河南油田吸水剖面测井中应用，并见到了很好的效果。     

油田勘探数据中心及辅助支持系统研究

文章简要介绍胜利油田近年来致力于勘探数据中心建设及辅助支持系统研究的背景、主要研究内容及进展情况,探讨了石油勘探行业在信息化时代利用先进的数据管理理念和技术对勘探工作提供数据支持和应用支持的尝试,对于其它油田勘探行业具有一定的借鉴意义。     

黄土区湿软土层成洞技术研究

黄土区湿软土层成洞技术一直是水利水电工程及公路交通工程关键难题之一,主要介绍了湿软黄土层成洞技术的几种方法,着重介绍了目前广泛采用的新奥法施工原理,大管棚超前注浆支护的作用和原理以及施工工艺,为今后类似工程施工提供参考,对黄土高原淤地坝、土坝除险加固工程建设有着重要意义。实践表明:超前小导管与大管棚有机结合是黄土区湿软土层成洞的简单经济实用的施工技术。     

Kinetic study of the deep hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene over molybdenum carbide supported on a carbon black composite: Existence of two types of active sites

Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is part of the hydrotreating process, which is an ensemble of several reactions (HDN, HDO, HDS, etc.) taking place simultaneously at the industrial scale. Only sulfur is currently submitted to drastic Europeans specifications and conventional commercial catalysts cannot reach the specifications at low cost. This paper presents the behavior of a potential substitute catalyst tested for the deep HDS of a model molecule such as the dibenzothiophene (DBT). The substitute is molybdenum carbide supported on a mesoporous carbon black composite of surface area 240 m² g⁻¹. A global kinetic study of the deep HDS of DBT (300 ppm S) was performed at 623 K and 5.0 MPa and a global kinetic model was proposed as well as global rate constants were calculated to obtain theoretical plots of concentration versus contact time to compare with the experimental data. The kinetic model and global kinetic orders were confirmed as an acceptable correlation was found between calculated and experimental data. Furthermore, the determination of the global kinetic orders indicated that two types of active sites must be present on the surface in order to explain the observed results.     

低渗透砂岩油藏注CO

着重介绍了细管实验条件对最小混相压力实验确定方法测试结果的影响。通过数值模拟方法发现,当细管长度越长、细管直径越小、驱替速度越大、孔隙度越小,则得到的最小混相压力值也越小。另外,还讨论了油藏温度、注入气组成及原油的组成与性质对混相压力的影响情况。通过对比国内外注CO₂混相驱油藏与流体的条件,说明了中国原油很难实现CO₂混相的原因即地层温度高、地面油粘度大。建议开展降低最小混相压力技术及加强防止气体突破技术的研究,以解决注气过程中气体波及效率低的问题,实现较高的采收率。