Fabrication of a planar water gated organic field effect transistor using a hydrophilic polythiophene for improved digital inverter performance

A planar water gated OFET (WG-OFET) structure is fabricated by patterning gate, source and drain electrodes on the same plane at the same time. Transistor output characteristics of this novel structure employing commercial regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (rr-P3HT) as polymer semiconductor and deionized (DI) water as gate dielectric show successful field effect transistor operation with an on–off current ratio of 43 A/A and transconductance of 2.5 μA/V. These output characteristics are improved using P3HT functionalized with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (P3HT-co-P3PEGT), which is more hydrophilic, leading to on–off ratio of 130 A/A and transconductance of 3.9 μA/V. Utilization of 100 mM NaCl solution instead of DI water significantly increases the on–off ratio to 141 A/A and transconductance to 7.17 μA/V for commercial P3HT and to 217 A/A and to 11.9 μA/V for P3HT-co-P3PEGT. Finally, transistors with improved transconductances are used to build digital inverters with improved characteristics. Gain of the inverters employing P3HT and P3HT-co-P3PEGT are measured as 2.9 V/V and 10.3 V/V, respectively, with 100 mM NaCl solution.     

一种新型低功耗触发器的设计

介绍一种新型低功耗触发器的设计方法，这种新型的双门控触发器克服了原门控触发器只有在输入信号跳变比较慢或基本不跳变时才满足低功耗要求的局限性．这种双门控的触发器可以用于原门控触发器所适用的所有低功耗电路或标准单元库的设计．     

轮询多址通信系统门限服务策略研究

从两方面对离散时间情况下轮询多址通信门限排队服务系统进行了研究。改进了系统服务策略，运用嵌入式马尔可夫链理论和多维概率母函数的方法，得到了改进后系统查询时间点处的平均排队队长和信息分组平均时延理论解析式，仿真结果表明分析方法有效且系统性能较之原系统得到提高；采用一种简化的近似算法，得到了轮询周期内平均队长的理论解析式，理论计算与仿真结果有较好的一致性。     

基于光强选通成像的液晶透过谱研究

为了更好地将液晶器件应用于选通成像系统中,从理论上推导出了液晶器件透过率与波长、折射率、电压之间的关系。从双折射率与光强的关系定量分析了扭曲向列相液晶的色散效应。用光栅光谱仪选择380～1100nm波段,以SONY公司LCX023CMT型号的TFT-LCD为样品,测试了液晶器件在不同灰度级和波长下的透射率。研究结果表明:液晶器件在可见光波段色散较小,随着灰度值的增加,色散增大;通过自制的光强局部选通成像系统对同一物体进行了对比拍摄,选通后的照片表明液晶器件的色散对成像质量影响不大;该液晶器件对红外光线有近12%的透过率,证明其可以实现近红外波段的强光局部选通成像。     

基于自编码压缩与多尺度特征提取的抽水蓄能机组劣化趋势评估与预测

恶劣的运行环境为抽水蓄能机组安全运行带来严峻挑战,抽水蓄能机组劣化趋势评估与预测技术能够有效反映机组运行状况并预测机组未来劣化情况,为机组状态检修提供重要依据。然而,机组运行工况参数中存在大量冗余或干扰信息,严重影响劣化趋势评估的可靠性;此外,难以对复杂的劣化趋势序列实现准确的预测。为解决上述问题,提出一种基于自编码压缩与多尺度特征提取的抽水蓄能机组劣化评估预测模型。首先,为降低拟合误差,利用深度自编码器(DAE)凝练工况参数中的关键信息,结合多层感知机(MLP)建立健康模型;其次,根据机组运行数据与健康模型,生成机组劣化度;最后,以一维卷积神经网络(1DCNN)提取局部空间特征,以双向门控循环单元(BiGRU)提取双向全局时序特征,结合二者的优势,构建多尺度特征提取网络,实现精确的劣化趋势预测。通过某抽水蓄能机组验证了该模型的有效性。与其他模型相比,自编码压缩模型的拟合误差最低,能够生成可靠的劣化趋势;多尺度特征提取网络能够学习劣化趋势序列中的长期趋势与局部波动信息,预测精度更高。     

Characterization of a Cyclic Nucleotide‐Activated K+ Channel and its Lipid Environment by Using Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy

Voltage‐gated ion channels are large tetrameric multidomain membrane proteins that play crucial roles in various cellular transduction pathways. Because of their large size and domain‐related mobility, structural characterization has proved challenging. We analyzed high‐resolution solid‐state NMR data on different isotope‐labeled protein constructs of a bacterial cyclic nucleotide‐activated K⁺ channel (MlCNG) in lipid bilayers. We could identify the different subdomains of the 4×355 residue protein, such as the voltage‐sensing domain and the cyclic nucleotide binding domain. Comparison to ssNMR data obtained on isotope‐labeled cell membranes suggests a tight association of negatively charged lipids to the channel. We detected spectroscopic polymorphism that extends beyond the ligand binding site, and the corresponding protein segments have been associated with mutant channel types in eukaryotic systems. These findings illustrate the potential of ssNMR for structural investigations on large membrane‐embedded proteins, even in the presence of local disorder.     

Packet Delay Analysis of Symmetric Gated Polling System for DBA Scheme in an EPON

In this paper, we analyze the mean packet delay of a dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) scheme in an Ethernet passive optical network (EPON). We propose the interleaved polling system with a gated service discipline and a two-stage queue in order to investigate the delay performance of DBA scheme in an EPON. We assume that input packets arrive at an optical network unit (ONU) according to a Poisson process from several types of users. We use a continuous time queueing model in order to find the mean packet delay and the mean cycle time of an arbitrary packet. We obtain the closed form solution for the mean packet delay of the proposed gated polling system with a two-stage queue. We obtain another result on the mean packet delay by solving a system of linear equations derived from the moments of the queue length distribution. We give some numerical results to investigate the delay performances for the symmetric polling system with statistically identical stations. In addition, we compare numerical results on the closed form solution with numerical results on a system of linear equations.     

利用门控机制融合依存与语义信息的事件检测方法

句子级事件检测任务目的是识别和分类事件触发词。现阶段工作主要将句子作为神经分类网络的输入,学习句子的深层语义信息,从而优化句子表示来改进事件检测任务的性能。该文发现除句子语义信息外,依存树包含的句法结构信息也有助于获取准确的句子表示。为此,该文采用双向长短时记忆网络对句子进行编码,捕获其语义信息;同时,设计图神经网络对句子的依存结构进行表示,获取其依存信息;此外,在对句子进行语义编码与依存编码时,该文利用自注意力机制使模型选择性地关注句子中的不同词,从而捕获句子中有助于事件检测的关键信息,并尽可能避免无关词的干扰;最后,该文提出门控机制,通过加权实现上述两种信息的动态融合。该文在自动文本抽取(automatic content extraction, ACE)数据集上进行实验,结果显示,该文提出的动态融合语义信息与依存信息的方法能更加有效地对句子进行编码,并捕获句子中的事件信息,在触发词识别与事件类型分类这两个子任务中,F₁值均有较大提升,分别达到76.3%和73.9%。     

基于门控循环单元的动态过程下两相 CO2 质量流量测量

针对碳捕集与封存条件下科里奥利质量流量计测量气液两相CO_2动态过程质量流量时误差较大的问题,本文提出了一种基于门控循环单元(GRU)的动态过程下气液两相CO_2质量流量校正方法。利用GRU适合动态过程预测的特点,使用来自CO_2气液两相流实验平台的采集数据,对GRU网络模型进行训练,并使用网格搜索法结合K折交叉验证优化模型参数。使用八组典型工况下的测试集对优化后的GRU模型在测量精度和泛化性能方面进行了评估,并与最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)模型进行了对比分析。实验结果表明GRU模型优于LS-SVM模型,并且GRU模型在动态波动发生后的平稳阶段,其输出结果能够快速跟随CO_2质量流量变化,相对误差在±5%以内。     

基于层次专家委员会机器模型的致密储层裂缝开度预测方法

裂缝开度是表征致密储层品质及评价油气产能的关键参数。受沉积、成岩和构造作用的影响,致密储层具有较强的非均质性,导致测井响应特征复杂、无规律,利用常规测井解释方法或者单一机器学习模型很难准确预测储层裂缝开度。为了解决这一问题,提出一种基于层次专家委员会机器模型的致密储层裂缝开度预测方法。首先,从岩心和成像测井资料中获取储层裂缝开度参数,选取相同深度敏感的测井数据作为特征变量构建样本集;然后,采用核岭回归、支持向量回归、BP神经网络作为基础专家网络单元训练、学习样本集;再借助递阶层次结构模型和门神经网络模型构建层次网络模块,自适应生成各个基础专家网络单元的初始权重;最后,综合考虑各个基础专家网络单元的预测性能,利用条件交替期望变换确定各个基础专家网络在最终输出中的贡献,准确预测储层的裂缝开度。实际资料应用表明,该方法能有效地定量表征井中储层裂缝开度,可为致密储层评价提供可靠的地球物理技术支撑。