单线循环客运索道设计参数研讨(续三)

论证客运索道设计中的几个重要参数,建立抱索器钳口夹紧力计算公式,第一次给出钳口夹紧力与钢索金属断面积的比值,并进行了钢索弯曲应力计算公式的推导.     

用地质力学模型研究三峡升船机上闸首基础稳定问题

 用三维地质力学模型试验技术研究了三峡升船机上闸首基础稳定性。详细模拟了上闸首建筑物、建筑物基础岩体、岩体中断层、陡倾角裂隙及缓倾角裂隙的几何形态和它们的复杂力学性质还模拟了自重渗透水压力、上游水压力的作用，模型几何相似比尺为120。试验测得，三峡升船机上闸首基础稳定超载安全系数达3.6。     

Sliding wear behavior of salt bath nitrocarburized medium carbon steel

Salt bath nitrocarburizing is a well-known thermochemical diffusion process for enhancing the tribological and corrosion properties of ferrous components. The current work describes the role of a compound layer developed during nitrocarburizing, both in the ferritic and austenitic regimes of Fe-N-C system, on the sliding wear behavior of a medium carbon steel. The wear behavior of the nitrocarburized steel discs was assessed by the pin-on-disc tests (ASTM G 99-99) under different normal loads running against a hardened SAE52100 pin. It was observed that the compound layer on the surface not only controlled the wear rate but also resisted the adhesive wear/transfer of material from pin to disc, aside from providing low-friction coefficients.     

Three-dimensional stability analysis of the dam foundation at Baise

It is usually difficult to determine the actual safety factors of rock masses in an ordinary two-dimensional stability analysis if the safety factors of the different cross sections in the rock mass vary significantly. In addition to the actual slope, arch dam abutment, and the actual foundation of a high building, another example is that the different cross sections of the foundation in the monolith of a gravity dam vary significantly, just like the condition at the overflow dam in the Baise project. A three-dimensional stability analysis method based on the upper-bound theorem was employed to solve this problem. The parameters used in the analysis were obtained from geomechanics tests, as well as continuity simulations of the randomly distributed joints. Two failure patterns against sliding are analyzed. One pattern is the foundation slide along deep-seated planes which were determined by calculations. The other pattern is the foundation slide along the planes across the bottom of the high steps in the foundation pit. The results indicate that a special overflow dam monolith can be considered to be safe in case of considering the three dimensional effect. However, a key wall with a depth of 5m must be constructed at the upper side of this monolith in order to ensure the safety of the foundation. Translated from Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2006, 25(3): 533–538 [译自: 岩土力学与工程学报]     

高土石坝地震永久变形研究评述

在强震荷载作用下,土体将产生不可恢复的瞬时滑移变形或整体永久变形。永久变形的发展严重危及高土石坝的安全和正常使用,如何预测土体地震后的永久变形成为高土石坝抗震性能安全评价中一个重要的方面。围绕西部大开发和南水北调战略的需要,对高土石坝抗震性能安全评价研究的现实意义和研究现状进行了论述,综述了目前国内外有关高土石坝地震永久变形的分析方法,对今后高土石坝抗震性能安全评价的研究方向提出了一些建议。     

反倾岩质边坡弯曲倾倒-剪切滑移破坏分析方法研究

目前反倾岩质边坡弯曲倾倒破坏分析方法仍以基于极限平衡理论的悬臂梁模型为主,但大多未考虑坡脚岩层的剪切破坏。为准确评价该类边坡的稳定性,建立考虑坡脚岩层剪切破坏的分析计算方法。首先,根据岩层变形破坏特征,将边坡分为后缘稳定区、中部弯曲倾倒区和前缘剪切区3个区域;其次,建立弯曲倾倒-剪切滑移破坏模式的稳定性分析方法;最后,通过工程实例验证,并进行参数分析。研究结果表明:提出的分析方法与工程实际符合性较好;边坡在倾角较陡、坡角较大时稳定性最差,坡角对边坡稳定性影响大于岩层倾角的影响;岩层厚度及层面内摩擦角增加有利于边坡稳定性,且会扩大坡脚剪切区范围。研究成果对反倾岩质边坡破坏的防治具有实践指导意义。     

自密实混凝土重力坝浇筑层间稳定性分析研究

自密实混凝土重力坝是用流动性较强的混凝土在堆石之间填充并分层浇筑而成。为了研究浇筑层间的稳定性,采用刚体平衡原理和第三强度理论分别对自密实混凝土重力坝层间的抗滑稳定性和堆石间拉力情况进行了分析研究。结果表明：随着坝体层间堆石相对接触面积α的增大,层间抗滑稳定系数K逐渐增大,但是增加的幅度处在一个稳定的范围之内;随着堆石相对超出高度β的增大,堆石间的拉力逐渐增大,β=15%可以作为自密实混凝土重力坝设计的上限值;地震工况对于坝体层间抗滑稳定系数K和堆石间拉力大小的影响较大,该工况抗滑稳定系数K减小了15%以上,堆石间拉力最大增大约2 MPa。     

基于滑模变结构的感应电动机直接转矩控制

针对感应电动机常规直接转矩控制中存在磁链、转矩脉动大,低速控制不精确等问题,在建立α-β坐标系感应电动机数学模型的基础上,提出了一种基于滑模变结构的新型直接转矩控制方法。该方法利用转速滑模变结构控制器代替常规直接转矩控制中的PI控制器,可有效减小常规直接转矩控制中的磁链和转矩脉动,增强了系统的稳定性。仿真结果证明了该方法的正确性。     

On the multi‐input second‐order sliding mode control of nonlinear uncertain systems

This note addresses the multi‐input second‐order sliding mode control design for a class of nonlinear multivariable uncertain dynamics. Among the most important peculiarities of the considered control problem, the considered sliding vector variable has a uniform vector relative degree [2,2, … ,2] with respect to the vector control variable, and only the sign of the sliding vector and of its derivative are available for feedback. Additionally, the symmetric part of the state‐dependent control matrix is supposed to be positive definite. Under some further mild restrictions on the uncertain system's dynamics, a control algorithm that realizes a multi‐input version of the ‘twisting’ second‐order sliding mode control algorithm is suggested. Simple controller tuning conditions are derived by means of a constructive Lyapunov analysis, which demonstrates that the suggested control algorithm guarantees the semiglobal asymptotic convergence to the sliding manifold. Simulation results, which confirm the good performance of the proposed scheme and investigate the actual accuracy obtained under the discrete‐time implementation effects, are given. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sliding mode control with disturbance observer for a class of nonlinear systems

This paper is concerned with the stabilization problem for a class of nonlinear systems with disturbance. The disturbance model is unknown and the first derivative of disturbance is bounded. Firstly, a general disturbance observer is proposed to estimate disturbance approximatively. Secondly, since the bound of the disturbance observer error is unknown, an adaptive sliding mode controller is designed to guarantee that the state of system asymptotically converges to zero and the unknown bound can be adjusted by an adaptive law. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.