降解聚氨酯用微生物的驯化与筛选

以日本福井大学生物化学应用工学部保存的250个细菌菌株和70个真菌菌株作为菌源,分别提供与聚氨酯（PU）组成有关的3种有机物为碳源,经多代驯化后筛选出了对聚醚型聚氨酯有明显降解作用的8个菌株.文中就所用细菌和真菌对聚氨酯的降解性能进行了分析,并通过SDS-PAGE实验发现了菌体外酶存在的迹象.     

Bioleaching of chalcopyrite by. mixed culture of moderately thermophilic microorganisms

A mixed culture of moderately thermophilic microorganisms was enriched from acid mine drainages(AMDs)samples collected from several sulphide mines in China,and the bioleaching of chalcopyrite was conducted both in shake flask and bioreactor.The results show that in the shake flask,the mixture can tolerate 50 g/L chalcopyrite after being acclimated to gradually increased concentrations of chalcopyrite.The copper extraction increases obviously in bioleaching of chalcopyrite with moderately thermophilic microorganisms supplemented with 0.4 g/L yeast extract at 180 r/min,74% copper can be extracted in the pulp of 50 g/L chalcopyrite after 20 d.Compared with copper extractions of mesophilic culture,unacclimated culture and acclimated culture without addition of yeast extract,that of accliniated culture with addition of yeast extract is increased by 53%,44% and 16%,respectively.In a completely stirred tank reactor,the mass fraction of copper and total iron extraction reach up to 81% and 56%,respectively.The results also indicate that it is necessary to add a large amount of acid to the pulp to extract copper from chalcopyrite effectively.     

高效生物滴滤系统净化甲苯废气快速启动研究

研究采用生物滴滤器系统,以甲苯作为惟一碳源筛选出具有高生化降解能力的适宜微生物菌种,采用焦化废水活性污泥菌种,添加适宜营养液和高浓度甲苯乳化液加速液相驯化阶段的驯化,填料塔内采用高浓度甲苯气-液相联合强化接种挂膜,投加适宜营养液加快挂膜速度的方法,系统启动周期为16d.甲苯气体的净化试验结果表明:在入口气体甲苯浓度范围为0 747～3 760mg/L和气体流量为560～1040L/h(停留时间30 6～16 5s)的条件下,生物滴滤塔系统对废气中甲苯的最大去除能力为756 73g/(m3·h)(气量560L/h条件下),稳定甲苯净化去除能力超过300g/(m3·h),证明了使用该驯化和挂膜方式的菌种具有很强的甲苯降解能力.镜检结果表明,生物膜中的优势菌种是短杆菌,密度达4 2×1010～6×1013CFU/ml.     

ABR-SBR工艺在屠宰废水处理中的试验研究

本试验采用ABR-SBR工艺处理屠宰废水,取得了很好的处理效果,其COD去除率为86%,SS平均去除率为95%.并以COD、SS的去除效果为分析对象,探讨了ABR反应器在屠宰废水处理中的作用.试验表明,ABR-SBR工艺是一种具有应用前景的水处理技术,特别适宜处理中高浓度有机物废水.