A note on the use of correlation coefficients for assessing goodness-of-fit in spatial interaction models

The use of correlation coefficients to evaluate the accuracy of spatial interaction models is inappropriate unless such models have been fitted using least squares techniques. In other cases the correlation involves an implicit intercept value and a regression coefficient that may significantly modify the interaction model's estimates. Researchers have not acknowledged the role of these two parameters when the correlation is used. A generalized root mean square error is proposed as an alternative indicator of accuracy that may be used with any model.     

扭坡模板空间位置施工控制技术的探讨

水利工程施工中钢筋混凝土扭坡空间相对位置控制是施工的重点和难点,很难采用单一的测量仪器进行模板的空间位置定位,必须通过多种方法综合进行扭坡模板相对位置控制。结合南水北调石津暗渠出口扭坡段施工过程,探讨了如何解决工程施工中的实际问题和提高工程质量。     

Spatial fisheries ecology: Recent progress and future prospects

We review recent progresses made in the study of fish distribution and survival over space — i.e., fisheries spatial ecology. This is achieved by first surveying the most common statistical approaches and relative challenges associated with the analysis of fisheries spatial data, loosely grouped in geostatistical and regression approaches. Then we review a selected number of case-studies implementing the discussed techniques. We conclude by proposing new areas of statistical and ecological research to further our understanding of how fish distribute and survive in space. This review serves a dual purpose by emphasizing the scientific importance of studying spatial interactions to better understand the temporal dynamics of fish abundance, and by promoting the development of new analytical and ecological approaches for the analysis of spatial data. Through our survey we cover different statistical techniques, marine ecosystems and life stages. This analytical, geographic and ontogenetic variety is also purposely selected to highlight the importance of comparative and multidisciplinary studies across diverging ecological disciplines, ecosystems and life stages. Besides having a general ecological relevance this review also bears a more applied significance, owing to the increasing need for protecting renewable marine resources along with their primary habitat.     

Robust optimization for the correlated MIMO downlink with imperfect channel state information

To reduce the performance deterioration induced by imperfect channel state information (CSI) in cor-related multiple input multiple output(MIMO) downlink, the linear transmit/receive filters should be optimized to be robust to imperfect CSI. A sub-optimization algorithm based on minimizing sum MSE conditional on available imperfect CSI estimates subject to a per-user power constraint is proposed. The algorithm adapts the existing MMSE algorithm from uncorrelated single-user MIMO system with perfect CSI to correlated MIMO downlink with imperfect CSI. Simulation shows that the suboptimal algorithm can effectively mitigate the performance loss induced by imperfect CSI and has a good convergence performance. In addition, the effect of spatial correlation on the performance of the proposed algorithm is also simulated.     

哈尔滨市城市交通拥堵原因及解决措施

城市交通拥堵问题表象在城市道路交通,其根源受城市的自然环境、气候、历史、规划以及市民岀行习惯等方面影响。全面、客观地分析总结了影响哈尔滨城市交通拥堵的原因,对解决城市交通拥堵问题进行了思考,并提出了建议和具体措施。     

Developing an enhanced weight-based topological map-matching algorithm for intelligent transport systems

Map-matching (MM) algorithms integrate positioning data from a Global Positioning System (or a number of other positioning sensors) with a spatial road map with the aim of identifying the road segment on which a user (or a vehicle) is travelling and the location on that segment. Amongst the family of MM algorithms consisting of geometric, topological, probabilistic and advanced, topological MM (tMM) algorithms are relatively simple, easy and quick, enabling them to be implemented in real-time. Therefore, a tMM algorithm is used in many navigation devices manufactured by industry. However, existing tMM algorithms have a number of limitations which affect their performance relative to advanced MM algorithms. This paper demonstrates that it is possible by addressing these issues to significantly improve the performance of a tMM algorithm. This paper describes the development of an enhanced weight-based tMM algorithm in which the weights are determined from real-world field data using an optimisation technique. Two new weights for turn-restriction at junctions and link connectivity are introduced to improve the performance of matching, especially at junctions. A new procedure is developed for the initial map-matching process. Two consistency checks are introduced to minimise mismatches. The enhanced map-matching algorithm was tested using field data from dense urban areas and suburban areas. The algorithm identified 96.8% and 95.93% of the links correctly for positioning data collected in urban areas of central London and Washington, DC, respectively. In case of suburban area, in the west of London, the algorithm succeeded with 96.71% correct link identification with a horizontal accuracy of 9.81 m (2σ). This is superior to most existing topological MM algorithms and has the potential to support the navigation modules of many Intelligent Transport System (ITS) services.     

Stakeholder Perspectives on the Value of Marine Spatial Planning Towards Advancing Offshore Wind in the U.S.

The United States contributes only 0.2% of the 18,814?MW of global installed offshore wind capacity. Lack of development has been attributed in part to a cumbersome regulatory process that includes the evaluation of environmental impacts. Assessments are based on biological, social, and technical data that are often incomplete. Marine spatial planning (MSP) may help fill data gaps. We conducted semi-structured interviews with key informants to understand (1) whether a lack of biological data impedes offshore wind environmental assessments, (2) whether MSP could mitigate these impediments, and (3) whether MSP could advance offshore wind development in the U.S. in other ways. Most informants stated that a lack of biological data in offshore wind environmental assessments was problematic due to incomplete data, uncertainty of data, and mismatched scales. Data issues may be mitigated by creation of data products and increased communication, outcomes of MSP that may benefit the regulatory process by increasing data availability, resolving conflicts among users, and providing a common operating picture. Challenges remain in integrating MSP into the processes of siting and permitting offshore wind, but it provides a strategic framework for the systematic identification, collection, collation, analyses, application, and management of data in the offshore wind environmental regulatory process.     

圆形盾构隧道断面自动化检测系统研究与开发

该文首先,分析了研究和开发圆形盾构隧道断面自动化检测系统的必要性。接着,研究了系统整体设计和软件功能设计,提出了新的更加适用和易于软件实现的平面拟合方法和空间圆拟合方法。在一个工程实例中应用了所开发的系统,并且和其他算法得到的结果进行了比较。结果表明了所开发的系统的可行性和实用性。     

基于微观评价指标的城市道路交通拥堵评价研究

为了客观地分析城市道路交通拥堵现状,基于交通流基本原理及国内外已有研究成果,构建了城市道路路段及交叉口交通拥堵的微观评价指标体系,并量化分析了各单项评价指标的表征方法及数据采集机制。以此为基础,结合实地交通调查数据,对金华市城市道路交通拥堵现状进行了评价分析,揭示了该市交通拥堵的部分特征。研究成果为后期缓解交通拥堵方案及交通发展政策的制订提供了有力的技术支持和保障。     

基于排队论的舰艇编队网络化协同防空效能分析

通过排队论的方法,研究了舰艇编队网络中心化防空作战体系,建立效能评估模型,为决策提供了理论依据。