环境规制对城市绿色全要素生产率的影响

随着生态文明建设的不断深入，政府通过环境规制政策来提升绿色全要素生产率（GTFP），这对于推进经济高质量发展具有重要的现实意义。基于全国2003—2016年261个地级城市的面板数据，采用兼有径向和非径向特点的EBM-Windows-Malmquist-Luenberger模型对城市绿色全要素生产率的变动进行测算，运用广义矩估计（GMM）模型和非可加性面板分位数回归（QRPD）模型分析环境规制对城市绿色全要素生产率变动的影响。研究发现:（1）中国东部、中部、西部以及东北部的城市绿色全要素生产率变动呈现出“倒U形”的特点，且纯技术效率变动是影响城市绿色全要素生产率变动的主要因素；（2）环境规制与城市绿色全要素生产率之间并不存在正向或者负向的线性关系，而是存在显著的“倒U形”关系；（3）不同分位点上环境规制对绿色全要素生产率变动的影响表现出明显的异质性，即在较低的分位点上环境规制对城市绿色全要素生产率的影响更大，较高分位点上环境规制对城市绿色全要素生产率的影响相对较小。     

Going Green: The Process of Lifestyle Change1

This article draws on 40 in‐depth semi‐structured interviews of three groups of people who restrict their consumption in various ways: voluntary simplifiers, religious environmentalists, and green home owners. I identify common patterns in the emergence of green lifestyles across all groups. Green practices are not isolated decisions or actions, but components in an ongoing project. As a result, green lifestyles are often experienced as both a work in progress and a provisionally coherent life narrative. Furthermore, I explore bricolage, the cobbling together of resources at hand by nonexperts, as a mechanism for lifestyle change and expand the concept to include environmental practices and themes. I adopt a pragmatist perspective to understand lifestyle change as a deliberate process undertaken in response to a problem left underaddressed by current policies and practices. This article also weighs in on the debate in the sociology of culture over how culture influences action.     

新时代中国特色社会主义生态文明建设的逻辑证成

当前我国人民对美好生活的需要不断增长，对生态环境的建设提出了更高的要求，而满足最广大人民群众的需要是我国社会主义建设的本质要求。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为核心的党中央继承前人生态治理经验，凝聚全党全国人民智慧结晶，立足于中国和世界的生态问题，积极主动地推进生态文明建设。中国特色社会主义生态文明建设包含着理论、现实、制度与价值四条逻辑主线，其中，生态文明建设的理论逻辑体现理论深度，现实逻辑提供问题导向，制度逻辑保障制度基础，价值逻辑呈现价值引领。探讨新时代中国特色社会主义生态文明建设的逻辑证成对于理解我国生态文明建设进程、进一步推进生态文明建设具有重要意义。     

On the distribution of a second degree polynomial statistic in singular normal var1aies

This note provides an alternative proof of a basic theorem on the distribution of a second degree polynomial statistic in noncentral singular normal variates originally proven by Rayner and Livingstone (1965)     

Re-estimation of China＇s Degree of Trade Dependence and External Imbalance： Value-added Statistics in the Global Production Chain＊

GDP与外贸数据的扭曲夸大了中国外贸依存度及外贸失衡度。GDP的扭曲主要来自汇率法与购买力平价法估算的差异；贸易数据扭曲包括：关境统计的重复计算以及由产权问题导致的国际贸易物流与资金流的不一致。对2007年我国实际外贸依存度及其失衡度的重估显示：2007年中国的外贸依存度从官方统计的68．02％下调为31．59％，外贸失衡度也从官方统计的10．13％下调为2．11％。所谓“中国操纵汇率”的指责是毫无根据的。     

Media depth influences Sedum green roof establishment

Species selection and initial establishment of plants is critical for long term survival and health of green roofs. Plants that can withstand harsh environmental conditions and provide rapid coverage on extensive green roofs can reduce erosion, limit weed invasion, and provide a more aesthetically pleasing roof to satisfy customers. This study evaluated the effect of green roof substrate depth on initial establishment of 12 Sedum species in a Midwestern US climate. Plugs of 12 Sedum species were planted on 8 June 2005 and evaluated bi-weekly until first frost for absolute cover (AC) using a stainless steel point-frame transect. Most species exhibited greater growth and coverage at a depth of 7.0 and 10.0 cm relative to 4.0 cm. AC was highest for Sedum sarmentosum at all depths, but this species may be too aggressive. Other suitable species include Sedum floriferum, Sedum stefco, and Sedum spurium ‘John Creech’. In general, species that are less suitable are Sedum ‘Angelina’, Sedum cauticola ‘Lidakense’, Sedum ewersii, Sedum ochroleucum, and Sedum reflexum ‘Blue Spruce’. For the species tested, a minimum of 7.0 cm is highly recommended. With shallower substrates, S. sarmentosum and S. stefco will provide the fastest coverage. This paper is a portion of a M.S. Thesis submitted by K.L. Getter.     

转型、绿色税制与可持续发展

中国经济的转型发展,面临资源环境的强大约束和转换经济增长方式实现可持续发展的重大挑战。理论分析认为,良好设计的绿色税制具有控制污染和改善资源利用的效率机制和破解税收制度设计的"诺斯悖论"的潜力。实证分析表明,与国际水平相比,中国目前的税制绿色度还比较低,绿色税制改革的一个合理目标是绿色税收占税收总额的9%~10%,或者占GDP的2.0%。我国税制绿化的主要措施在于提高和完善资源税、环境相关产品的消费税及排污收费体系改革。在我国新一轮税制改革中,基于绿色税收的税制优化改革组合可以弥补税制改革带来的税收收入的减少,使税制改革走向可持续发展的制度创新之路。     

从博弈论角度分析和研究中小企业实施绿色营销战略

绿色营销战略始于上世纪60年代末兴起的"环境保护"运动,是21世纪主流的营销模式之一。它不仅有效地实现了企业的利润目标和消费者的最大享受目标,而且有利于实现人类社会的可持续发展。然而,绿色营销在我国只停留在宏观层面,在中小企业导入绿色营销更是形同虚设。文章借助于博弈论工具,通过分析认为中小企业应分析市场发展的趋势,在政府相关政策的支持下,尽快树立绿色营销的观念,制定企业市场中长期发展战略和策略。     

基于灰色理论的个人成才因素评定研究

针对成才能力评定的不确定性,引入灰色评估理论,建立个人成才能力等级评定模型,在分析个体特征的基础上,剖析决定影响个人成才质量的要素,建立个人成才的评价指标体系,利用灰色架构流程进行个案评价。案例评定表明,灰色评估技术可用于成才能力的评定,并能提示个人成才今后提高的方面。     

Maximum likelihood estimation for mixtures of two gompertz distributions when censoring occurs

In estimating the proportion ‘cured’ after adjuvant treatment, a population of cancer patients can be assumed to be a mixture of two Gompertz subpopulations, those who will die of other causes with no evidence of disease relapse and those who will die of their primary cancer. Estimates of the parameters of the component dying of other causes can be obtained from census data, whereas maximum likelihood estimates for the proportion cured and for the parameters of the component of patients dying of cancer can be obtained from follow-up data.

This paper examines, through simulation of follow-up data, the feasibility of maximum likelihood estimation of a mixture of two Gompertz distributions when censoring occurs. Means, variances and mean square error of the maximum likelihood estimates and the estimated asymptotic variance-covariance matrix is obtained from the simulated samples. The relationship of these variances with sample size, proportion censored, mixing proportion and population parameters are considered.

Moderate sample size typical of cooperative trials yield clinically acceptable estimates. Both increasing sample size and decreasing proportion of censored data decreases variance and covariance of the unknown parameters. Useful results can be obtained with data which are as much as 50% censored. Moreover, if the sample size is sufficiently large, survival data which are as much as 70% censored can yield satisfactory results.