1.8 Ga Svecofennian post-collisional shoshonitic magmatism in the Fennoscandian shield

At least 14 small (1–11 km across) 1.8 Ga Svecofennian post-collisional bimodal intrusions occur in southern Finland and Russian Karelia in a 600-km-long belt from the Åland Islands to the NW Lake Ladoga region. The rocks range from ultramafic, calc-alkaline, apatite-rich potassium lamprophyres to peraluminous HiBaSr granites, and form a shoshonitic series with K₂O+Na₂O>5%, K₂O/Na₂O>0.5, Al₂O₃>9% over a wide spectrum of SiO₂ (32–78%). Although strongly enriched in all rocks, the LILE Ba and Sr and the LREE generally define a decreasing trend with increasing SiO₂. Depletion is noted for HFSE Ti, Nb and Ta. Available isotopic data show overlapping values for lamprophyres and granites within separate intrusions and a cogenetic origin is thus not precluded. Initial magmas (Mg#>65) in this shoshonitic association are considered to be generated in an enriched lithospheric mantle during post-collisional uplift some 30 Ma after the regional Svecofennian metamorphic peak. However, prior to the melting episode, the lithospheric mantle was affected by carbonatite metasomatism; more extensively in the east than in the west. The melts generated in the more carbonate-rich mantle are extremely enriched in P₂O₅4%, F12,000 ppm, LILE: Ba9000 ppm, Sr7000 ppm, LREE: La600 ppm and Ce1000 ppm. The parental magma underwent 55–60% fractionation of biotite+clinopyroxene+apatite+magnetite+sphene whereupon intermediate varieties were produced. After further fractionation, 60–80%, of K-feldspar+amphibole+plagioclase±(minor magnetite, sphene and apatite), leucosyenites and quartz-monzonites were formed. In the west, where the source was less affected by carbonatite metasomatism, calc-alkaline lamprophyres (vogesites, minettes and spessartites) and equivalent plutonic rocks (monzonites) were formed. Removal of about 50% of biotite, amphibole, plagioclase, magnetite, apatite and sphene produced peraluminous HiBaSr granites. The impact of crustal assimilation is considered to be low. At about 1.8 Ga, the post-collisional shoshonitic magmatism brought juvenile material, particularly enriched in alkalis, LILE, LREE and F, into the crust. Although areally restricted, the regional distribution of the post-collisional intrusions may indicate that larger volumes of 1.8 Ga juvenile material resides in unexposed parts of the crust.     

江汉盆地东部早中生代沉积地层碎屑云母成分:对大别高压-超高压岩石暴露作用的约束

碎屑白云母是碎屑岩中常见的、来自源区的稳定成分,可以用来指示源区性质,多硅白云母是碰撞造山高压-超高压变质岩石的特征矿物。对大别造山带同造山期沉积而成的江汉盆地东部上三叠统-中侏罗统砂岩碎屑白云母化学成分研究表明:上三叠统该区地层砂岩中碎屑白云母多以低硅白云母(Si<3.2)为特征,暗示此时大别造山带高压-超高压岩石很可能没有出露地表;自下侏罗统开始,砂岩中碎屑白云母中多硅白云母(Si>3.3)大量出现,中侏罗统砂岩多硅和低硅白云母发育,表明大别高压-超高压岩石在早侏罗世即已出露地表并经剥蚀搬运至盆地。这一结果从沉积学角度为约束高压-超高压岩石的折返时序和大别造山带演化提供了新的资料。     

新疆阿尔泰花岗岩类源区物质的定量模拟

对产出于阿尔泰、额尔齐斯、乌化古三条构造-岩浆带上的六个典型岩体进行了源区岩石化学组成和初始熔体部分熔融程度的定量模拟。模拟结果表明:六个岩体的ε_(Sr)~t值多介于0-120之间,源区岩石多为地幔物质与陆壳物质的混合源,地壳柱中成熟陆壳所占比例较少,反映了中亚型地洼区在地壳化学结构上的一个重要特征.从北往南,ε_(Sr)~t值与壳源锶所占百分率逐渐减小,反映了从地槽造山带核心部位往边缘部位往边缘部位,地壳柱中成熟陆壳所占比例逐渐减小。初始熔浆部分熔融程度温度、压力呈正消长关系。     

Metamorphic evolution of garnet-bearing ultramafic rocks from the Gongen area, Sanbagawa belt, Japan

Garnet‐bearing ultramafic rocks including clinopyroxenite, wehrlite and websterite locally crop out in the Higashi‐akaishi peridotite of the Besshi region in the Cretaceous Sanbagawa metamorphic belt. These rock types occur within dunite as lenses, boudins or layers with a thickness ranging from a few centimetres to 1 metre. The wide and systematic variation of bulk‐rock composition and the overall layered structure imply that the ultramafic complex originated as a cumulate sequence. Garnet and other major silicates contain rare inclusions of edenitic amphibole, chlorite and magnetite, implying equilibrium at relatively low P–T conditions during prograde metamorphism. Orthopyroxene coexisting with garnet shows bell‐shaped Al zoning with a continuous decrease of Al from the core towards the rim, consistent with rims recording peak metamorphic conditions. Estimated P–T conditions using core and rim compositions of orthopyroxene are 1.5–2.4 GPa/700–800 °C and 2.9–3.8 GPa/700–810 °C, respectively, implying a high P/T gradient (> 3.1 GPa/100 °C) during prograde metamorphism. The presence of relatively low P–T conditions at an early stage of metamorphism and the steep P/T gradient together trace a concave upwards P–T path that shows increasing P/T with higher T, similar to P–T paths reported from other UHP metamorphic terranes. These results suggest either (1) down dragging of hydrated mantle cumulate parallel to the slab–wedge interface in the subduction zone by mechanical coupling with the subducting slab or (2) ocean floor metamorphism and/or serpentinization at early stage of subduction of oceanic lithosphere and ensuing HP–UHP prograde metamorphism.     

中国海相碳酸盐岩评价中有关有机质丰度下限的几点讨论

综述了中国海相碳酸盐岩有机质下限研究的若干进展,认为针对不同需求,应提出碳酸盐岩烃源岩最低下限、有效烃源岩下限、战略选区下限3个不同的下限标准。高成熟碳酸盐岩原始有机质丰度恢复一直存在争议,根据生烃动力学,结合热史,可实现原始有机质总量的恢复。碳酸盐岩中泥质与有机质丰度、排烃能力是否相关仍存在争论,认为碳酸盐岩中泥质的作用仍有待进一步研究。     

新疆萨吾尔地区晚古生代岩浆作用的时限、地球化学特征及地球动力学背景

西准噶尔萨吾尔地区地处新疆阿勒泰地区吉木乃县及塔城地区和丰县。区内广泛发育晚古生代后碰撞岩浆岩，其中侵入岩年龄在328．2～290．7Ma之间，时代上属于晚石炭世至早二叠世，哈尔加乌组、卡拉岗组火山岩年龄在296．7～280Ma之间，为早二叠世火山活动产物。区内侵入岩由早到晚（森塔斯岩体、沃肯萨拉岩体→塔斯特岩体→喀尔交岩体→阔依塔斯岩体、恰其海岩体）具有明显的地球化学演化特征。哈尔加乌组火山岩具有弱双峰式特征，卡拉岗组火山岩具有典型的双峰式特征，均形成于拉张的构造背景。基于萨吾尔地区晚古生代岩浆岩的时间框架、地球化学演化特征及其形成的地球动力学背景，我们认为晚石炭世至早二叠世，萨吾尔地区处于后碰撞构造背景，并逐渐由挤压-拉张过渡阶段演化到拉张阶段。     

浑江末前寒武纪丝状藻类及其环境意义

本文初步探讨了吉林浑江晚前寒武纪丝状藻类与沉积环境的关系。这些丝状藻类产自晚前寒武纪不同层位,大多属蓝绿藻类。通过对丝状藻类整体面貌和个体丰度的分析,笔者将其划分为三类即:藻席型、孤立生存型和其间的过渡类型。根据对现代丝状藻类生态及环境的研究,采取比较古生物学的方法,具体讨论了浑江地区晚前寒武纪丝状藻类的指相意义。根据沉积学与事件地层记录分析的沉积环境模式与对丝状藻类环境分析的结果是一致的。     

中国东部断陷湖盆细粒沉积岩岩相划分方案探讨——以渤海湾盆地南部古近系细粒沉积岩为例

细粒沉积岩岩相研究是烃源岩和页岩油、致密油储层研究的重要基础,鉴于我国陆相断陷湖盆环境多变和细粒沉积岩类型多样、岩石组合类型复杂的特点,需要进行细粒沉积岩岩相分类。以渤海湾盆地南部古近系细粒沉积岩发育段为研究对象,通过厘米级岩芯观察描述、岩石薄片鉴定、激光共聚焦显微镜观察分析等技术,研究细粒沉积岩基本特征。陆相断陷湖盆细粒沉积岩岩相划分可以按照(1)宏观岩芯精细观察描述,归纳垂向岩石类型组合;(2)分析沉积微环境;(3)对不同岩石类型组合进行X射线全岩矿物衍射和TOC测试,划分岩石类型和岩相大类;(4)微观镜下剖析纹层叠置关系;(5)分析成因和形成机制,对岩亚类细分等5步进行。岩相大类划分要简洁,是为满足油田勘探工作易于操作、建立与常规测井资料之间关系等要求;亚类细分是便于研究微观源储关系、分析沉积微环境和储层微观结构等。     

中亚地区阿拉伊盆地构造地质特征与油气条件分析

阿拉伊盆地位于特提斯构造带北缘,是在古生界基底之上发展起来的山间盆地,紧邻我国西部塔里木盆地。自中生代至新生代经历了陆表海沉积期、类前陆盆地期、山间盆地发育期、拗陷期、定形期等5个演化阶段,具有海陆交互、沉积多变、多期叠加、断-拗转换的性质。生储盖匹配良好;烃源岩为古近系、白垩系和中—下侏罗统的海相与潟湖相泥岩、石灰岩和泥灰岩;主要油气储集层为碳酸盐岩裂缝性储层和砂砾岩储层;多套泥岩、膏岩和泥灰岩为区域性和局部盖层;褶皱构造发育,以背斜、断块、断鼻等构造为主。盆地具有一定的油气勘探前景。     

The Influence of Chlorine on the Determination of Combined Water: An Investigation of a Correction Procedure

Differential thermal analysis, pH determination and ion chromatography were used to investigate the interference of chlorine in the determination of combined water (H₂O⁺) by the Penfield tube gravimetric method. The magnitude of the chlorine interference was quantified and a correction method was proposed to obtain accurate results for H₂O⁺. The method was applied to the determination of H₂O⁺ in deep sea sediments containing chlorine and certified reference materials of oceanic polymetallic nodules.