Intercomparison of stratospheric water vapor profiles obtained during the Balloon Intercomparison Campaign

The Balloon Intercomparison Campaign (BIC) was set up to intercompare remote sensing measurements of a number of compounds other than water vapor; however, water vapor has strong absorption features throughout the infrared and mm wave regions of the spectrum. Therefore many of the investigators involved in BIC have absorption or emission features due to water vapor in the data they obtained during the balloon flights made under the campaign. These features have been used by the investigators to determine the stratospheric water vapor profiles which are compared in this paper. The profiles allow comparison of a wide range of remote sensing techniques involving both emission and absorption in the mid-infrared and emission techniques in the far infrared.     

黑河试验中测站设置（夏季）的数值模拟研究

本文用具有较高水平与垂直分辨率的数值模式诊断计算了黑河试验区的感热通量和潜热通量,并通过对这些诊断通量的统计分析研究了黑河试验中观测站点的代表性和设置问题,得到在试验区内不同下垫面上设置观测站点的具体方案,以及选择有较好代表性的观测站点的一般原则。     

漳州热田地下热水的循环深度

漳州热田是我国东南沿海地区目前所见温度(121.5℃)最高的一个。热田地热地质、地球化学以及地温场的研究结果表明,漳州热田属于深循环对流型热田。为了计算热田的热水循环深度,本文采用管道模型的方法,利用热田中心钻孔的测温资料计算地下热水上涌的流速,利用热田内水化学资料计算热储温度,然后用图解法求出漳州热田热水的循环深度为3.4—4.0 km,为漳州热田的成因分析和热水资源的评价提供了依据。     

用油田压裂资料估算应力值

本文比较了从油田压裂资料获得的应力值与专门的水压致裂应力测量结果。研究结果表明,前者的最小水平主应力可以和后者的精度相当,最大水平主应力的精度略低。以长庆油田岭261—2井1985年11月15日实际压裂记录结果和吉林油田东33—35井的压裂记录为例,提出了处理油田资料的方法,给出了相应的处理结果     

油田井间CT技术应用试验

本文记述了在扶余油田采用井间电磁波和声波ＣＴ方法进行的试验。阐述了试验的意义、理论基础、计算方法、实施方案及成果几方面。试验结果表明电磁波的工作频率应降低到至少几百ＫＨｚ以下才能适于油田应用。１００ｍ井间距的声波成像获得了成功，两个油层均有清晰显示。最后，对技术的发展提出了建议。     

Eolian processes in alpine belts of the high Tatra mountains,Poland

Eolian processes were the subject of detailed studies in the high-mountain area of the Tatra Mts. The field investigations in 1975–80 attempted to determine the amount of deflation and eolian deposition and to improve understanding of their mechanism. The net rates of these processes were determined from repeated survey of deflational forms and of eolian deposits. Observations of the mechanism of material displacement were based on field experiments carried out during strong winds. All the investigations were conducted using simple methods and traps. Relationships between the course and intensity of processes and wind conditions and soil properties were obtained.     

山地边界层中场变量的动力学研究

采用与实测较接近的二次函数来表达Ｅｋｍａｎ层中的湍流粘性系数Ｋ，在圆形气压场条件下，求得了山地上空边界层中的风速，进而求得散度、涡度和垂直速度等场变量随高度的分布。并作图分析了这些场变量的一些动力学特征。改进了以往在求解析解时，略去运动方程中湍流粘性力项中的关于高度的一阶导数项，以及取山坡面上风速为零作下边界条件等欠合理欠精确的做法。所求得的风速、散度、涡度和垂直速度均用简单的初等函数表示出来，有助于边界层参数化和深化对边界层动力学的认识。     

位场小波分析的物理解释

采用二进小波变换,构造了位场基小波,通过简单模型,分析了位场信号小波分解与重构的物理实质,阐明了小波变换的频带分布与“归一化”位场空间分布的一致性,以及小波重构的规律,并叙述了小波重构与异常分解的关系.     

Calibration of tipping bucket rain gauges in the Graz urban research area

The Institute of Urban Water Management and Landscape Water Engineering of the Graz University of Technology (Austria) operates a hydrological research area in the City of Graz. In this urban research area precipitation and runoff data are collected by order of the municipality of Graz. At present precipitation data are measured by seven tipping bucket rain gauges. Comparative measurements have shown a deviation between the recorded and the actual precipitation intensity. This made the institute calibrate the rain gauges periodically. In the middle of the 1990s, the development of a field calibration kit was started. Based on the experiences with the first field calibration kit, a microprocessor controlled device was developed. With this calibration device, the tipping bucket rain gauges are calibrated at regular intervals. In this paper the calibration process and the current results for seven rain gauges are discussed. The calibration process is dynamic calibration and uses a peristaltic pump. Not all of the tipping buckets investigated underestimate the rain intensity in the whole measuring range. Several rain gauges have a positive relative deviation, not exceeding 22%, in the low intensity range up to 0.5 mm/min. Positive deviation can be explained by retention of water in the buckets between tips. The reason for the negative deviation is the loss of water during the tips. It leads to the underestimate of the actual intensity. The largest relative deviation in the range of underestimate exceeds 30%. In the range of extreme intensities, the larger buckets (5 cm³) show a lower relative deviation than the smaller (2 cm³) buckets. The gauge characteristic can change in favourable or unfavourable directions after several years. Therefore, the calibration of tipping buckets is recommended at least every 2 to 3 years.     

后竹亭水源地地下水资源量数值模拟

后竹亭水源地是曹洼水源地的一部分.由于地处鲁西南经济发达区,工业取水项目、取水量逐年增加.为正确评价后竹亭水源地供水能力,合理开发水资源,将后竹亭水源地纳入曹洼水源地进行整体评价,并对后竹亭水源地拟订三个开采方案进行计算比较,最后选定方案二,为合理开发利用水资源提供科学依据.